Double Integrals

############################# Video Source: www.youtube.com/watch?v=OPvs7A554Rw

In this video, op-amp integrator circuit has been discussed (with derivation) and few examples have been solved based on this op-amp integrator circuit. • Op-Amp as Integrator: • In inverting op-amp configuration, by replacing the feedback resistor with a capacitor, it can be used as integrator circuit. The relation between the output and input has been derived in this video. • Limitation of simple integrator circuit: • In this simple integrator circuit, for DC input or for very low-frequency signal the capacitor will act as an open circuit and the input signal will see a very high gain (Open loop gain of the op-amp). So, even if very small DC signal is present at the input, it can lead the output into the saturation. • So, even if your signal does not contain any DC signal, but because of the input offset voltage, the output of the op-amp may get either saturated or distorted. • Practical Integrator Circuit: • The problem of the simple integrator circuit can be overcome by connecting feedback resistor in parallel with the feedback capacitor. • So, because of the feedback resistor, the gain of the circuit for DC signal will get restricted and saturation of the output voltage can be avoided.And the circuit will behave as a low-pass filter. • The condition for proper integration of input signal: • For proper integration of input signal, the frequency of the input signal should be higher than the cut-off frequency. (At least 10 times the cut-off frequency) • The timestamps for the different topic covered in the video is given below: • 0:48 Op-Amp as an integrator (Derivation) • 4:32 Output of Integrator for the different input signals • 5:54 Limitations of the simple integrator circuit • 8:57 Practical Op-Amp integrator • 12:08 Example 1 • 13:10 Example 2 • 14:51 Example 3 • 17:15 Example 4 (For Practice) • The link to the related videos on the op-amp: • Introduction to Operational Amplifier: • • Introduction to Operational Amplifier... • Inverting Op-Amp: • • Operational Amplifier: Inverting Op A... • Non-Inverting Op-Amp: • • Operational Amplifier: Non-Inverting ... • This video will be helpful to all students of science and engineering in understanding the working of op-amp integrator. • Follow me on YouTube: • / allaboutelectronics • Follow me on Facebook: • / allaboutelecronics • Follow me on Instagram: • / all_about.electronics • Music Credit: • http://www.bensound.com/

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