Embryological basis for Congenital hypertrophic Pyloric stenosis

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Congenital Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis (CHPS) is a condition where the pyloric muscle thickens, causing narrowing of the pyloric channel, and obstructing gastric emptying. The embryological basis for CHPS is: • 1. Abnormal migration and differentiation of neural crest cells: • Neural crest cells normally migrate to the pylorus and differentiate into ganglion cells, which regulate pyloric muscle relaxation. • In CHPS, these cells may not migrate or differentiate properly, leading to abnormal pyloric muscle development. • 2. Abnormal formation of the pyloric sphincter: • The pyloric sphincter forms from the convergence of circular and longitudinal muscle layers. • In CHPS, this process may be disrupted, leading to a thickened and narrowed pyloric channel. • 3. Genetic factors: • CHPS has a strong genetic component, with familial cases and associations with genetic syndromes. • Genetic mutations may affect neural crest cell migration, differentiation, or pyloric muscle development. • 4. Hormonal influences: • Hormones like gastrin and estrogen may play a role in pyloric muscle development and relaxation. • Abnormal hormonal balances may contribute to CHPS. • During embryonic development (around 10-12 weeks), the pyloric muscle and sphincter form. Abnormalities during this period may lead to CHPS. The exact mechanisms are still being researched, but understanding the embryological basis can help clarify the condition's origins. • #Stenosis #Pyloricstenosis

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