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Violin Concerto György Ligeti
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Schönberg Ensemble Asko Ensemble conducted by Reinbert de Leeuw. Frank Peter Zimmermann as the violin soloist • I - Praeludium. Vivacissimo luminoso - (attacca): 0:00 • II - Aria, Hoquetus, Choral. Andante con moto - (attacca): 4:00 • III - Intermezzo. Presto fluido: 11:30 • IV - Passacaglia. Lento intenso: 13:50 • V - Appasionato. Agitato molto: 20:36 • The first version of the Violin Concerto was completed in 1990 and then revised and completed in 1992. It is dedicated to Saschko Gawriloff who premiered the first version of the work with the Kölner Rundfunk-Sinfonie-Orchester in Cologne on the 3rd of November 1990 under the baton of Gary Bertini. Gawriloff outlines the context of the collaboration with Ligeti in his article entitled: A Masterwork by Ligeti , featured in the journal Neue Zeitschrift Für Musik. • In it he describes his first collaboration with Ligeti, taking part in the premiere of the Trio for Violin, Horn and Piano (1982). He goes on to simply describe the context in which the commissioning of the Violin Concerto took place and the subsequent premieres of the two versions. Initially, Ligeti had rejected Gawriloff’s suggestion, bluntly citing a lack of time. Gawriloff’s disappointment was transformed a few days later when the phone rang: Mister Gawriloff, I have had second thoughts. You have a good idea. Your project stimulates me. I would like to do it, although it may take several years to complete . • The soloist is accompanied by a chamber orchestra of ten wind players, percussion and eleven solo strings. Ligeti’s long-standing interest in tunings other than those of conventional equal temperament is manifested in various ways. At several points the brass players are required to play in natural harmonics, adjusting their lip-pressure to produce different notes of the harmonic series, including those audibly out of tune with the equal-tempered scale. A solo violin and a solo viola within the orchestra are instructed to retune their instruments using similarly out-of-tune harmonics on the double-bass as their starting points. In addition the wind players from time to time inflect their pitches up or down; and the woodwind double on ocarinas, while the percussionists also play lotus-flutes , or slide whistles, introducing an element of soft , imprecise tuning. • The opening Praeludium of the concerto takes place largely in the upper register, with the orchestral strings (including the retuned violin and viola) mostly in harmonics, giving the textures what Ligeti calls a glassy, shimmering character ; a central section provides more earthbound contrast. The second movement is based on a winding melody adapted from a movement of Ligeti’s early Musica ricercata for piano, better known in its 1953 transcription as one of his Bagatelles for wind quintet. This melody is at different times played straight (Aria), counterpointed by two interlocking melodic lines as in the medieval technique of hocketing or hiccupping (Hoquetus), and harmonised, initially (with characteristicdeadpan humour) on four ocarinas (Chorale). • The third movement (the finale of the original three-movement version) is an Intermezzo in which the soloist unfolds a long singing line against a continuous background of held notes and fast descending scales, which eventually take over the whole orchestra. The fourth movement (the second in the original version) is a Passacaglia based on varied repetitions of the twin-stranded clarinetline at the start. Forceful interruptions do not disturb its underlying continuity; indeed they reinforce its intensity, which reaches screaming-point until the movement is cut offsuddenly. The Appassionato finale reintroduces and combines different textures heard earlier in the work, and adds some new elements, before culminating in a cadenza. In an unexpected homage to the virtuoso concerto tradition Ligeti says this may be supplied by the soloist. The cadenza is abruptly terminated by the orchestra to bring the work to an end. • Picture: An untitled painting by the American painter Tom Boatright. • Sources: https://www.chandos.net/chanimages/Bo... and https://www.duo.uio.no/bitstream/hand...
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