Myanmar Buddhist temples in Bagan

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Bagan is an ancient city and a UNESCO World Heritage Site located in the Mandalay Region of Myanmar. • • From the 9th to 13th centuries, the city was the capital of the Pagan Kingdom, the first kingdom that unified the regions that would later constitute modern Myanmar. During the kingdom's height between the 11th and 13th centuries, 4,446 Buddhist temples, pagodas and monasteries were constructed in the Bagan plains alone, of which the remains of 3,822 temples and pagodas still survive to the present day. The Bagan Archaeological Zone is a main attraction for the country's nascent tourism industry. • [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagan] • • • 0:15 : The Ananda Temple, located in Bagan, Myanmar is a Buddhist temple built in 1105 AD. • Its layout is cruciform with terraces leading to a pagoda at the top covered by an umbrella. The temple houses four standing Buddhas, each one facing a cardinal direction. It is a fusion of Mon and adopted Indian style of architecture. • • While the Mon architecture of Burmese origin is noted, strong influence of Indian architecture is very clear. • • The Ananda temple is the central monument built in the Pagan valley. It has been built with bricks and plaster depicting iconographic images in stones and plaques. • The temple has a central square with gabled porches. The superstructure is formed by decorated terraces. The core part of the temple is in the shape of a cube, which houses the four standing Buddha statues on its four faces. The spire rises above this cubic structure. The four entrances are provided with teak wood carved doors in the interior and these entrances form a perfect cross. A stupa crowns each entrance. Life story scenes of the Buddha are embossed over 554 terra cotta tiles. Each niche, inside the four entrances of the cubical structure, form the sanctum where standing Buddhas, fully gilded and in different forms, are deified and worshipped. • The two circumambulatory passages have vaulted roofs. In these inner passages, sculptural ornamentation in the form of 80 large reliefs carved out of volcanic rocks, representing Buddha's life from birth to death, are depicted. • [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ananda_...] • • 3:22 : The Sulamani Temple is a Buddhist temple located in the village of Minnanthu (southwest of Bagan). It was built in 1183 by King Narapatisithu, restored after the 1975 earthquake and rebuilt in 1994. It utilises brick and stone, with frescoes in the interior of the temple. • [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulaman...] • • 4:32 : The Dhammayangyi Temple is a Buddhist temple located in Bagan, Myanmar. Largest of all the temples in Bagan, it was built during the reign of King Narathu (1167-1170). • The Dhammayangyi is the widest temple in Bagan, and is built in a plan similar to that of Ananda Temple. The temple's interior is bricked up for unknown reasons, thus only the four porches and the outer corridors are accessible. • [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dhammay...] • • 8:12 : The Nanpaya Temple is a Hindu temple located in Myinkaba (near Bagan). The temple was built using mud mortar, stone and brick. The temple contains intricate carvings of Brahma, and also contains depictions of other Hindu gods. Also, because Manuha was a Mon, there are many figures and symbols of the Mon within the temple, including hinthas. • [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanpaya...] • • 10:19 : The Shwezigon Pagoda or Shwezigon Paya is a Buddhist stupa located in Nyaung-U, near Bagan, Myanmar. A prototype of Burmese stupas, it consists of a circular gold leaf-gilded stupa surrounded by smaller temples and shrines. The construction of the Shwezigon Pagoda began during the reign of King Anawrahta, the founder of the Pagan Empire, in 1059–1060 and was completed in 1102, during the reign of his son King Kyansittha. • This pagoda is believed to enshrine a bone and tooth of Gautama Buddha. The pagoda is in the form of a cone formed by five square terraces with a central solid core. Jataka legends are depicted on glazed terra-cotta tiles set into three rectangular terraces. At the entrance of the pagoda there are large statues of guardians of the temple. There are also four bronze standing statues of Buddha. All of these Buddhas are cast in beaten bronze and seen with their right hand in a posture of abhayamudra, meaning the fear not gesture and left hand holding the monk's robe. • The pagoda, which rises with five square terraces has a central solid core. The terraces rise steeply in the form of a pyramid topped with umbrellas. From the four cardinal directions there are steps from the base to the terraces at the centre to provide access to devotees to go up for worship. • [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shwezig...]

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