Vertical transmission infections from mother to child Microbiology by Imran Yaseen

>> YOUR LINK HERE: ___ http://youtube.com/watch?v=1YanejKrue8

Vertical transmission refers to the transmission of an infectious agent (such as a virus, bacteria, or parasite) from an infected mother to her offspring, either during pregnancy, childbirth, or through breastfeeding. This mode of transmission occurs directly from parent to offspring and can have significant implications for the health of the newborn or developing fetus. Vertical transmission can take place through various mechanisms: • 1. *In utero (During Pregnancy):* • The transmission of the infectious agent from the mother to the developing fetus while it is still in the womb. • The agent may cross the placental barrier and infect the fetus through the bloodstream. • 2. *During Childbirth (Perinatal):* • Transmission of the infectious agent during the process of labor and delivery. • The newborn may come into contact with infected maternal fluids, such as blood or vaginal secretions, leading to infection. • 3. *Through Breastfeeding (Postnatal):* • Transmission of the infectious agent through breastfeeding. • The newborn may be exposed to the infectious agent present in the mother's breast milk. • *Examples of Vertical Transmission:* • 1. *Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV):* • HIV can be transmitted from an infected mother to her child during pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding. • 2. *Cytomegalovirus (CMV):* • CMV, a member of the herpesvirus family, can be transmitted vertically, especially during childbirth or through breast milk. • 3. *Rubella Virus:* • Rubella, or German measles, can cause congenital rubella syndrome when a pregnant woman is infected, leading to serious birth defects in the developing fetus. • 4. *Hepatitis B Virus (HBV):* • Vertical transmission of HBV can occur from an infected mother to her child during childbirth. • 5. *Toxoplasma gondii:* • This parasitic infection can be transmitted vertically, and pregnant women are advised to avoid exposure to infected cats and contaminated food. • *Prevention and Management:* • 1. *Screening and Treatment:* • Prenatal screening for infectious agents helps identify cases where vertical transmission is a risk. • Antiviral medications or other preventive measures may be prescribed to reduce the risk of transmission. • 2. *Vaccination:* • Vaccination of pregnant women against certain infections can prevent vertical transmission. For example, vaccination against rubella and hepatitis B is recommended. • 3. *Safe Delivery Practices:* • Cesarean section may be recommended in certain cases to reduce the risk of perinatal transmission. • 4. *Breastfeeding Guidelines:* • Guidelines may recommend modifications to breastfeeding practices in cases where there is a high risk of transmission through breast milk. • Vertical transmission is a significant concern in maternal and child health, and interventions aimed at preventing or reducing this mode of transmission play a crucial role in safeguarding the health of newborns and infants. • How microbes are transmitted is very important topic, it further helps healthcare professionals to take measures against the transmission of infections. This lecture briefly explains how microorganisms are transmitted from human to human and non-human to human. • #shorts #tothepoint #microbiology

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