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How to Find the Valence Electrons for Germanium Ge
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To find the number of valence electrons for Germanium (Ge) we need to look at its electron configuration. This is necessary because Ge is a transition metal (d block element) and we need to take into account electrons found in its d orbitals. • We can write this in condensed electron configuration for Germanium as: • [Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p² • How to write the Ge electron config: • How to Write the Electron Configurati... • This allows us to look at the number of electrons outside of the Noble Gas core. For Ge this means we have 14 valence electrons. • Note that for transition metals, like Germanium , not all of the valence electrons have to be used to form chemical bonds with other elements. However since Ge normally forms 3+ ions it could be argued that the 5s²5p² represent the valance electrons for Germanium. • More on Valence Electrons for Transition Metals: • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valence... • Definition of Valence in Transition Metals: • Miessler G.L. and Tarr, D.A., Inorganic Chemistry (2nd edn. Prentice-Hall 1999). p.48. • Helpful videos: • • Finding Valence Electrons for Transition Metals: • How to Find the Number of Valence Ele... • • Finding Valence Electrons (element): • Finding the Number of Valence Electro... • • Finding Valence Electrons (molecule): • Finding the Number of Valence Electro... • • How to Draw Lewis Structures: • How to Draw Lewis Structures: Five Ea... • Drawing/writing done in InkScape. Screen capture done with Camtasia Studio 4.0. Done on a Dell Dimension laptop computer with a Wacom digital tablet (Bamboo).
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