Youtor
Silvana support hoofdkussens
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Telegram - https://t.me/anthropologycasestudy • Australopithecus • 1. Gracile form • 2. Robust form • Gracile form includes (in the increasing order of gracile form):- • 1. Australopithecus ramidus (less gracile form) • 2. Australopithecus anamensis • 3. Australopithecus afarensis • 4. Australopithecus africanus (most gracile) • Form Found in Researchers • Australopithicus afarensis (3.6- 3)MYA Kenya, Tanzania, Ethiopia Richard leaky (1968), Mary Leaky and Richard Leaky (1977- 78), Donald johanson (1974) respectively. • Australopithecus africanus (3 – 2.5) MYA Ethiopia, South Africa, Kenya Richard leaky, Raymond dart, Richard leaky respectively • Australopithecus anamensis (4.2 – 3.9) MYA Kenya Petterson, Marry Leaky • Ardipithecus ramidus (5.8 – 5.6)MYA Ethopia, Brigette senut, Tim White, Yohannes Haily Selesia • • Robust forms:- • 1. Paranthropus aethiopithecus • 2. Paranthropus robustus • 3. Paranthropus bosei • Form Found in Researcher • Aethiopithecus (2.4 MYA) Kenya Allen walker • Boisei (2.2 – 1) MYA Tanzania, Ethiopia, Kenya George Leaky, LSB Leaky, Marry Leaky • Robustus 2MYA South Africa J.T. Robinson • Difference between the Gracile and Robust Form • Aspect Gracile form Robust form • Distribution Eastern Africa East and south Africa • Time 4.4 to 2 MYA 2.3 to 1.8 MYA • Height 3’5” to 4 ft 3’11” to 4’4” • Wight 30 to 70 kg 40 to 80 kg • Bodily features Light built • Longer arms • Ape (afarensis) as well as human (africanus) like features • Less sexual dimorphism Heavy built • Human like features • Marked sexual dimorphism • Cranial capacity 450 – 600 CC 500 – 600 • Cranial vault High and expanded Low placed not expanded • Sagittal crest Absent – human character Present • Position of occipital torus Low in position High in position • Temporal fossa Medium size Very large • Frontal region High, rounded and well developed Very long, broad and flat face. • Zygomatic region Moderately large Massive • Supra orbital ridges Less prominent brow ridges Large / prominent brow ridges • Mastoid processes Slightly developed Not developed • Foramen magnum Quite forward placed Even more forward placed • Jaws Large and extremely prognathous Large but relatively more prognathous • Dental arcade Parabolic May be parabolic or less parabolic • Simian shelf Absent Present • Dentation Small incisors, canines and moderately sized molars Small incisors, canines and large sized pre molars and very large sized molars • Pelvis and leg bones Very close to hominid pattern Combination of gorilloid and hominid pattern. • Foot Absence of divergent big toe Presence of divergent big toe. • • Australopithecus Gracile form:- • • Australopithecus robust form:-
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