Avocado Persea americana

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#Dlium Alpukat or avocado (Persea americana) is a plant species in Lauraceae, a small tree with a height of 3-10 m, taproot, woody stem, round, brown, many branched and fine-haired twigs. Leaf buds are reddish and have tight hair, while old leaves are green and bare. • P. americana has a single leaf crammed at the end of a branch with a stem length of 1.5-5 cm, shaped long to round egg length, thick as a leather, pointed tip and base, the flat edge sometimes slightly curled upward, bone pinnate, 10-20 cm long and 3-10 cm wide. • Large avocado trees produce millions of flowers in a season. Compound flowers, androgynous, hermaphrodite flowers but dichogamy, arranged in panicles that come out near the tips of the branches, greenish yellow. A single female flower with a long stamen and ends with an enlarged anthers. • The fruit is spherical or ovoid, has a length of 5-20 cm, is green or yellowish green or has purple spots, weighs 200-400 grams, but can sometimes be 600-700 grams depending on the variety. A tree produces around 200 fruits/tree. • Ripe fruit contains soft mesocarp, yellowish green and fatty with a thin layer of skin bordering the seed coat. Signs of maturity when the fruit is shaken will sound because the seeds are released from the mesocarp and the cavity is widened. • Fruit has a much higher fat content than most other fruits, mostly monounsaturated fat, and thus serves as an important staple in the diets of consumers who have limited access to other fatty foods such as meat and fish. Having a high smoke point, avocado oil is more expensive compared to regular salad and cooking oils, and is mostly used in salads or dips. • Ripe avocados produce gentle pressure when held in the palms and squeezed. The fruit is not sweet, but the aroma is characteristic and soft, with a smooth texture. Often used in both savory and sweet dishes. Avocados are commonly found in vegetarian cuisine as a substitute for meat in sandwiches and salads because of their high fat content. • Some cultivars can be cooked in a short time without becoming bitter. The flesh of some avocados may be inedible due to the heat. Prolonged cooking induces this chemical reaction in all cultivars. • The fruit is used as a base for sauces, as well as corn spread or toast, served with spices. Avocado is the main ingredient in avocado soup. Avocado slices are often added to hamburgers and tortas and are a key ingredient in rolls or sushi. • Raw avocado flesh is 73% water, 15% fat, 9% carbohydrates and 2% protein. Each 100 gram has 160 calories and a rich source (20% or more of the Daily Value, DV), some B vitamins (such as 28% DV in pantothenic acid) and vitamin K (20% DV), moderate content (10–19% DV) vitamin C, vitamin E, and potassium. Avocados also contain phytosterols and carotenoids, such as lutein and zeaxanthin. • Avocados have a variety of fats. About 75% of avocado energy comes from fat, most of which (67% of total fat) is monounsaturated fat as oleic acid. Other predominant fats include palmitic acid and linoleic acid. Saturated fat content reaches 14% of total fat. Typical total fat composition is approximately: 1% ω-3, 14% ω-6, 71% ω-9 (65% oleic and 6% palmitoleic) and 14% saturated fat (palmitic acid). • A prospective cohort study following 110,487 people for 30 years found that eating two servings of avocado per week reduced the risk of cardiovascular disease by 16–22%. The study involved replacing half the daily serving of a saturated fat source, including margarine, butter, eggs, yogurt, cheese or processed meat, with an equivalent amount of avocado. • Kingdom: Plantae • Phylum: Angiosperms • Class: Magnoliopsida • Order: Laurales • Family: Lauraceae • Genus: Persea • Species: Persea americana • Afrikaans: Advokaatpeer, Avokadopeer, Murgpeer • Arabic: أفوكادو • Arapaho: ceeneeteenice'ee' • Argentina: palta • Armenian: Ավոկադո • Austria: Avocado • Bantoanon: abukado • Bislama: Avoka • Catalan: Alvocater • Chinese (Simplified): 牛油果 - 鳄梨 • Chinese (Traditional): 酪梨 - 鰐梨 • Chontal: shamal • Cuicateco: basholobó • Danish: avacado • Dutch: Advocaatpeer, Avocado, Avocadopeer • English: Avocado, alligator pear, avocado pear • Finnish: hedelmäavokado • French: Avocatier • German: Avocado • Greek: Αβοκάντο • Hebrew: אבוקדו • Hindi: एवोकाडो • Huasteco: oj • Indonesian: Alpukat • Italian: Avocado • Japanese: アボカド • Korean: 아보카도 • Lithuanian: Amerikinė persėja • Mixe: cuu t' p' • Nahuatl: Ahuacacuahuitl, Ahuacatl, tēpantlahtoh • Nyduka: afukati • Palauan: Bata • Polish: smaczliwka wdzięczna • Popoluca: cuytuim • Portuguese: Abacate, Abacateiro, Pêra-abacate • Purépecha: cupanda • Quechua: Pallta • Russian Авокадо - Персея американская • Sinhala: අල්ගැට පේර • Spanish: Aguacate, ahuacate, palta • Sranan Tongo: afkati • Swedish: avokado • Tepehuano: cakuta • Thai: อาโวคาโด • Totonaco: cucataj • Tseltal: cic on • Turkish: avokado • Zapoteco: yashusa • Zoque: ohui • Learn more: https://www.dlium.com/2020/01/avocado... • Location: Samigaluh, Kulon Progo Regency, Yogyakarta Province, Indonesia. • Aryo Bandoro • Dlium • Web: https://www.dlium.com

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