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Adenovirus infection treatment symptoms
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Send help, donate channel https://www.donationalerts.com/r/maks... Adenovirus infection causes a whole group of acute infectious diseases that occur with a mild intoxication syndrome and damage to the mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract, lymphoid tissue, eyes or intestines. • Adenoviruses were first isolated in 1953 from children with SARS and acute respiratory viral infection, occurring with conjunctivitis W. Rowe. Subsequently, numerous animal studies have shown the oncogenicity of adenoviruses, that is, their ability to provoke the development of malignant tumors. • • Adenovirus infection is widespread. In the overall structure of the incidence of viral infectious diseases, it accounts for ten percent. The incidence of adenoviral infections is recorded everywhere and year-round, with a peak in the cold season. The disease can be observed in the form of epidemic outbreaks, and in the form of sporadic cases. • • Epidemic outbreaks of adenovirus infection are most often caused by viruses of types 14 and 21. Adenoviral hemorrhagic conjunctivitis is caused by type 3, 4, or 7 viruses. • • Extremely rare manifestations of adenovirus infection such as hemorrhagic cystitis and meningoencephalitis are observed. • • Adenovirus infection affects children and young people with a greater frequency. In most cases, the duration of the disease is ten days, but sometimes it can take a relapsing course and last up to several weeks. • • Causes and risk factors. • • The causative agents of adenovirus infection are DNA-containing viruses belonging to the genus Mastadenovirus of the Adenoviridae family. Currently, specialists have described more than one hundred serological types of adenoviruses, about forty of them have been isolated from humans. • • All adenovirus serovars vary significantly in epidemiological characteristics. For example, viruses of types 1, 2, and 5 can cause damage to the upper respiratory tract in young children, in which the virus persists in the lymphoid tissue for a long time. Viruses of type 4, 7, 14, or 21 cause the development of inflammation of the upper respiratory tract in adults. • • Type 3 adenovirus is the causative agent of pharyngoconjunctival fever (adenovirus conjunctivitis) in adults and older children. • • In the external environment, adenoviruses are quite stable. At room temperature, they remain viable for 15 days. Chlorine-based disinfectants and ultraviolet rays kill them in a few minutes. Adenoviruses tolerate low temperatures well. For example, in water at a temperature of four degrees Celsius, they retain their viability for more than two years. • • The source and reservoir of infection is a sick person or a virus carrier. After the disease, the virus is secreted with the secret of the upper respiratory tract for another 25 days, and with feces - over 45 days. • The mechanism of transmission of adenovirus infection in children and adults is most often aerosol (suspension of droplets of mucus, saliva in the air), but alimentary (fecal-oral) can also be observed. Very rarely, infection is transmitted through contaminated environmental objects. • the susceptibility of people to adenovirus infection is high. After the disease has persisted, immunity remains, however, it is type-specific and therefore repeated cases of the disease due to another virus serovar may occur. • • With the aerosol route of infection, adenovirus enters the mucous membrane of the upper respiratory tract, and then migrates through the bronchi to the lower section. The entrance gate can also be the mucous membrane of the eyes or intestines, into which the virus enters with the particles of sputum at the time of ingestion. • • Further reproduction of the infectious agent occurs in the epithelial cells of the respiratory tract, small intestine. In the lesion focus, inflammation begins, accompanied by hyperplasia and submucosal tissue infiltration, expansion of its capillaries, and hemorrhages. Clinically, this is manifested by pharyngitis, tonsillitis, diarrhea or conjunctivitis (often of a filmy nature). In severe cases, adenovirus infection can lead to the development of keratoconjunctivitis, accompanied by persistent clouding of the cornea and visual impairment. • • From the primary focus of inflammation with lymphatic flow, the virus enters the regional lymph nodes, causing hyperplasia of the lymphoid tissue. As a result, the patient develops mesadenitis and lymphadenopathy. • • An increase in tissue permeability and suppression of macrophage activity leads to the development of viremia and the introduction of adenoviruses into various organs, which is accompanied by the development of intoxication syndrome.
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