What is an RTD Working Principles

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▶ Engineer's best friend for learning: https://realpars.com • ============================ • ▶ You can read the full post here: • https://realpars.com/rtd-working-prin... • ⌚Timestamps: • 00:00 - Intro • 00:56 - Electrical Resistance • 03:17 - How does an RTD work? • 04:31 - RTD components • 06:22 - Summary • ============================= • Temperature measurement in machines and other industrial processes is one of the key control variables used to guarantee the quality of products manufactured in different segments of the industry. • In this video, we will cover what are Resistive Temperature Detectors, commonly known as RTDs, how they work, and how their signal is transmitted. • A Resistive Temperature Detector is an instrument that detects temperature based on resistivity. • Electrical resistance is defined as the ability of a body to oppose the flow of electric current. The standard international unit of resistance is the Ohm (Ω) and represents the volt/ampere ratio. • When a conductor is subjected to a potential difference, an electric current passes through it, which is constituted by the movement of free electrons inside the conductor. • When these free electrons get into motion, they begin to collide with each other and with the atoms in the conductor. • The greater the number of collisions, the greater the difficulty encountered by the electric current in crossing the conductor. This difficulty in moving charges is what characterizes electrical resistance. • Electrical resistance varies depending on the length, width, and nature of the conductor material, as well as the temperature to which it is subjected. • Resistance is directly proportional to the length of the conductor. It is also inversely proportional to the area of the conductor. • Electrical resistance can also vary according to the variation of voltage and electric current in a conductor. • The potential difference between the ends of a conductor is proportional to the current flowing through it. • When the conductor is heated, its atoms absorb this heat energy, resulting in an increase in vibration. • As heat rises, the ability of a metal to oppose the flow of electric current also increases, therefore less current can flow. As heat decreases the ability of a metal to oppose the flow of electric current is reduced, hence more current can flow. • RTD sensors use this variation in electrical resistance to measure the change in temperature. • The most popular RTD sensors are platinum ones, such as the PT100 and the PT1000, and nickel ones, such as the Ni500. • Let’s take a look at the different components of an RTD: • The Resistance or sensing element is the literal temperature-detecting portion of the RTD. It is a metal wire either on an etched grid on a substrate, or a wire wound in a coil. They can be made from numeral materials such as platinum, copper, and nickel, among others. • The Protecting Tubing is mostly made out of stainless steel, which can be used for assemblies up to 500° F. • The Process Connection is a standard fitting. • There are several wire configurations of RTDs available: 2, 3, and 4 wire. The 3-wire RTD is the most commonly used in industrial applications, • The unit given by our RTD is in Ohms. We need to convert this delta in resistance to a delta in voltage or current to use this signal. This is done by connecting the wires from our RTD to a transmitter, a PLC, DCS, or even a PID controller. • A bridge circuit known as the Wheatstone bridge is used for that purpose: The Wheatstone bridge is composed of three resistors, a power source, a voltmeter, or a voltage transducer. • ============================= • Gain a better understanding of RTDs with our Comprehensive Introduction to RTD course: https://learn.realpars.com/courses/in... • ============================= • Get a RealPars pro membership: https://learn.realpars.com/bundles/pro • ============================= • Did you miss out on the latest and greatest? Catch up now by watching our videos right here: • https://realpars.com/download-codesys/ • https://realpars.com/introduction-sin... • https://realpars.com/plc-programming-c • ============================= • Ready to stay on the cutting edge of our newest video content? Be sure to hit subscribe and join us on this exciting YouTube channel! • http://bit.ly/realpars • ============================= • TWEET THIS VIDEO: https://ctt.ac/_jyOC • ============================= • Follow us on Facebook 👉 / therealpars • Follow us on Twitter 👉 / realpars • Follow us on LinkedIn 👉 / realpars • Follow us on Instagram 👉 / realparsdotcom • #rtd #sensor #realpars

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