Surah Al Kahf First 10 Ayat Memorize It

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In this video i have discussed 8 hallmarks of cancer and also about the role of oncogenes and oncoproteins in cancer • ***Follow me**** • http://ilovepathology.com/ • Twitter : / vijaypatho • / ilovepathology2 • Facebook: / ilovepathology • Hallmarks of cancer • 8 fundamental changes • Protooncogenes , oncogenes Oncoproteins • Role of Oncogenes in cancer • Definition • A disorder of cell growth • Triggered by a series of acquired mutations • Affecting a single cell and its clonal progeny • HALLMARKS OF CANCER • 1. Self sufficiency in the growth Signals • 2. Insensitivity to antigrowth/ growth inhibitory signals • 3.Evasion of Apoptosis • 4. Limitless Replicative Potential • 5. Sustained Angiogenesis • 6. The Ability to invade and Metastasize • 7. Reprogramming Energy Metabolism • 8. Evasion of Immune System • enablers • 9. Genomic Instability • 10.Tumor promoting inflammation • SELF SUFFICIENCY IN GROWTH SIGNALS • Oncogenes: They promote unregulated proliferation/Autonomous cell growth • (Self sufficiency in growth signals) • The unmutated counterparts of Oncogenes are “proto oncogenes” • Growth factors: Cancer cells develop growth self sufficiency ( Synthesize self responsive growth factors) • Eg: a. PDGF – Glioblastomas • b. TGF-α – Sarcomas • c. FGF – Breast ca • 2. Growth factor receptors:Cancer cells encode for growth factro receptors. • a. EGF-receptor family: ERB-B1 (overexpression) Squamous cell carcinoma • b. CSF-1 receptor: FMS (point mutation) – Leukemia • c. PGDF receptor: PGDF-R (overexpression) - Gliomas • 3. Signal transduction proteins – Receive growth promoting signals. • Eg. RAS family (point mutation) – Ca colon, lung. Pancreas • 4. Nuclear regulatory proteins: Transcriptional activators • Eg: C-MYC (translocated) – Burkitt lymphoma • N-MYC (Amplification) – Ca lung, • 5. Cell cycle regulatory proteins: • Eg: Cyclin D (Translocation) Ca breast, Ca esophagus • CDK4 (Amplification) Melanoma • ~-~~-~~~-~~-~ • Please watch: WARBURG EFFECT: Hallmark of CANCER. What, Why How? • • NEOPLASIA 6: WARBURG EFFECT: Hallmark... • ~-~~-~~~-~~-~

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