Hypertension and hypotension Cardiovascular Disorders Chapter circulation Video 17

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Hypertension • Definition: Blood pressure reading of 130/80 or higher • Also known as high blood pressure, • Blood pressure is determined both by the amount of blood your heart pumps and the amount of resistance to blood flow in your arteries. The more blood your heart pumps and the narrower your arteries, the higher your blood pressure. • High blood pressure is a common condition in which the long-term force of the blood against your artery walls is high enough that it may eventually cause health problems, such as heart disease. • Symptoms • Most people with high blood pressure have no signs or symptoms, even if blood pressure readings reach dangerously high levels. • A few people with high blood pressure may have headaches, shortness of breath or nosebleeds, but these signs and symptoms aren't specific and usually don't occur until high blood pressure has reached a severe or life-threatening stage. • You can be proactive in monitoring your blood pressure by understanding whether high blood pressure, heart disease, or diabetes runs in your family. You should also look out for: • • Severe headaches • • Fatigue or confusion • • Vision problems • • Chest pain • • Difficulty breathing • • Irregular heartbeat • • Blood in the urine • • Pounding in your chest, neck, or ears • Causes • There are two types of high blood pressure. • Primary (essential) hypertension • Secondary hypertension. • Hypotension • Definition: Blood pressure reading of 90/60 or lower • Hypotension, or low blood pressure, means blood is not fully flowing to your brain, arteries, and organs. Chronic low blood pressure without symptoms is almost never cause for concern, unless blood pressure drops suddenly and the brain is deprived of adequate blood supply. • Symptoms • This can lead to dizziness or lightheadedness. Other symptoms include: • • Unsteadiness • • Dimming or blurring of vision • • Weakness • • Fatigue • • Nausea • • Cold, clammy skin • • Fainting • • Pale skin • Causes • While it isn’t entirely clear what causes low blood pressure, it may be associated with age, pregnancy, hormonal problems (hypothyroidism, diabetes, and low blood sugar), some over-the-counter/prescription medications, heart failure or arrhythmias, widening of blood vessels, heat exhaustion, heat stroke, or liver disease. • Conditions that can cause low blood pressure • • Pregnancy. Because the circulatory system expands rapidly during pregnancy, blood pressure is likely to drop. • • Heart problems. • • Endocrine problems. Thyroid conditions such as parathyroid disease, adrenal insufficiency (Addison's disease), low blood sugar (hypoglycemia) • • Dehydration. • • Blood loss. • • Lack of nutrients in your diet. A lack of the vitamin B-12, folate and iron can keep your body from producing enough red blood cells (anemia), causing low blood pressure. • Treatment • To combat hypotension, there are a few options including • • Eating a diet higher in salt, • • Staying hydrated with nonalcoholic beverages, • • Exercising regularly. • #Highbloodpressure • #LowBloodPressure

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