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TEMPLUM SATURNI TEMPIO DI SATURNO al Foro Romano Temple of Saturn manortiz46az
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TEMPLUM SATURNI- TEMPIO DI SATURNO al Foro Romano - Temple of Saturn • (...) • Il grandioso podio in cementizio rivestito di travertino e internamente vuoto, custodiva l'Erario, ovvero il Tesoro dello Stato Romano, di cui si occupavano i questori, ma pure gli archivi dello stato, le insegne e una bilancia per la pesatura ufficiale del metallo. • Sulla facciata orientale del podio sono visibili numerosi fori disposti ordinatamente in modo da formare un pannello rettangolare, sul quale venivano esposti i documenti pubblici. • Successivamente l'aerarium fu spostato in un edificio nelle vicinanze e anche gli archivi furono trasferiti nel Tabularium. • I resti attualmente visibili dell'edificio appartengono sia a questa fase (podio) che al restauro del tardo III secolo, a cui si devono i fusti di colonna in granito grigio e rosa, di cui restano solo quelli della facciata e i primi due dei lati, e i capitelli ionici a quattro facce. • La trabeazione è costituita da elementi di riutilizzo: il fregio-architrave mostra l'originaria decorazione della fine del II-inizi del III sec. sul lato interno del pronao, mentre il retro fu rilavorato per accogliere la nuova dedica, che ricorda la ricostruzione dopo l'incendio: • SENATUS POPULUSQUE ROMANUS INCENDIO CONSUMPTUM RESTITUIT, • ossia Il Senato e il Popolo Romano restituirono (il tempio) rovinato dall'incendio . • La cornice con mensole è ancora quella dell'edificio di Munazio Planco, rimontata. A causa dell'ampliamento i blocchi della trabeazione vennero integrati con blocchi più piccoli, posti al centro di ciascun capitello.(...) • https://www.romanoimpero.com/2010/03/... • The Saturn celebrated in this temple is not the Roman counterpart of the Greek god Chronus, Zeus' father, but an Italian god-king who presided over a mythical golden age; the Saturnalia were one of the main festivities of the Roman calendar; they took place around the winter solstice: slaves were allowed to treat their masters as their equals, gifts were exchanged, candles were lighted and banquets were arranged. Saturnalia are thought to have influenced some Christmas traditions. • https://www.romeartlover.it/Vasi31.ht... • The Temple of Saturn • Dedicated in 498 BC, the Temple of Saturn is the oldest sacred place in Rome, after the Temples of Vesta and Jupiter. It was rebuilt in 42 BC and again, in the fourth century AD, by the senate and people of Rome, as recorded on the architrave. The surviving Ionic columns, with their scrolled volutes, date from this period. Because of the link of Saturn with agriculture, the original source of Rome's wealth, the temple was the repository for the State treasury, the Aerarium Populi Roman (from aes, bronze), which was located beneath the stairs under the high podium. It also contained the bronze tablets on which Roman law was inscribed. In the cella was an ivory statue, its feet fettered with woolen bonds, which were loosened on the Saturnalia (December 17). • ________________________________________ • The reconstruction of the temple was undertaken by Lucius Munatius Plancus, at the encouragement of Augustus, who often urged other prominent men to adorn the city with new monuments or to restore and embellish old ones, each according to his means (Suetonius, Life of Augustus, XXIX.4-5). • The year before, he had founded Lyon in Gaul. It was Plancus, too, who officiated at the banquet at which Cleopatra, in a wager with Antony, impetuously dropped one of her pearl earrings into wine vinegar and drank it, stopping her before she could dissolve the other one (Pliny, IX.59). Deserting Antony not through any conviction that he was choosing the right, nor from any love of the republic or of Caesar, for he was always hostile to both, but because treachery was a disease with him (Velleius Paterculus, Roman History, II.83.1), Plancus, as one of the men who had attached his seal to the will of Cleopatra, revealed its whereabouts to Caesar (Dio, L.3.2). He also suggested that Octavian adopt the name Augustus (Suetonius, VII 2) and was one of the last two men to hold the office of censor, before it was abolished by the emperor (Dio, LIV.1.2). • http://penelope.uchicago.edu/~grout/e...
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