9th Biology 34 Five Kingdom Classification Chp 3 Biodiversity

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Classification: Classification is a systematic method to classify living organisms into different groups and sub- groups on the basis of their similarities and differences. This grouping is known as Biological Classification. • In 1969, Robert Whittaker proposed five kingdom Classification. He lassified the organisms into Five kingdoms which clearly categorized fungi into a separate kingdom.This system of classification was based on the following points. • 1. Cellular structure and body organization; unicellular Prokaryote, • Unicellular and multicellular eukaryotes. • 2. Mode of nutrition; autotrophs (plants), Ingestive heterotrophs • (animals) and absorptive heterotrophs (fungi). • (i) Kingdom Monera: • It includes all the prokaryotes i-e Bacteria and cyanobacteria • (ii) Kingdom Protista: • It is the place for all the eukaryotic unicellular organisms, except yeast which some of them have the features of both plant and animal like. Most protists are aquatic. It includes protozoa and unicellular algae • (iii) Kingdom Fungi: • It includes all the multicellular eukaryotic fungi. They are Achlorophyllous, absorptive heterotrophs. They have cell wall made up of • mainly chitin. They have a body called Mycelium which is made up of a • thread like structure called hyphae. • (iv) Kingdom plantae: • It includes all the multicellular, eukaryotic, photosynthetic organisms. They have cell wall mainly made up of cellulose. It includes • multicellular Algae, bryophytes, pteridophytes, gymnosperm and angiosperms. • (v) Kingdom Animalia: • All animals are multicellular, eukaryotic which are ingestive heterotrophs without cell wall. It includes all vertebrates and invertebrates except protozoa. • #fivekingdomclassification • #BiologywithHubdarAli

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