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9 of 16 PAKISTAN ORIGINS IDENTITY AND FUTURE
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Pervez Hoodbhoy in conversation with Shaheryar Azhar • -- Was Partition worth it? • -- Optimistic and pessimistic scenarios • -- Winners and losers of Partition • -- The fate of Muslims left behind • -- Ahmadis – the biggest losers • -- Progressive politics: how it fared • The international edition (Routledge) of this book is available from: https://www.amazon.com/Pakistan-Perve... , and the local (Pakistani) version from: • https://foliobooks.pk/book-author/per... • TABLE OF CONTENTS: • o Front cover endorsement by Noam Chomsky • o Back cover endorsements • o Acknowledgments • o About the author • o Foreword by Christophe Jaffrelot • o Why this Book? • o Charting the Labyrinth • Myths of a nation’s origin • Exclusivism as philosophy • Was Partition accidental? • The book’s expeditionary map (Parts I-V) • o Part One: Long Before The Two Nation Idea • 1. Identity formation in medieval India • The herd instinct • India without nations • The Sanskrit controversy • Muslim invasions • Mughal era purifiers of Islam • Conclusion • 2. The British reinvent India • Colonialism quietly sneaks in • The Great Mutiny – a watershed • Demoralized Muslim ashrafiyya • Exception: the United Provinces • The Muslim predicament • Modernity impacts Muslims • Modernity impacts Hindus • Ways begin to part • o Part Two: A Closer Look At Pakistan’s Three Founder-Heroes • 3. Founder I: the lonely modernizer • Early years • It’s okay to eat mangos • Metamorphosis to modernity • Siding with the British • An unabashed elitist • The non-communal Sir Syed • Sir Syed communalizes • Sir Syed’s mixed legacy • 4. Founder II: premier poet-preacher-politician • Everyone loves Iqbal • Biographical sketch • Philosopher or just philosophical? • Iqbal uses languages selectively • Iqbal on faith versus reason • Iqbal’s physics/math criticisms • Iqbal’s “higher” communalism • Iqbal on women • Iqbal on theocracy • Iqbal on blasphemy • Iqbal and Sir Syed compared • 5. Founder III: liberal-secular-visionary? • Did Jinnah have a plan? • Anticipating dependence • Did Jinnah not want Pakistan? • Jinnah – the man • Did Jinnah want secularism? • Jinnah fuses politics with religion • Jinnah and the Islamic state • Jinnah’s Shia problem • A master tactician not strategist • 6. Jinnah trounces his Muslim opponents • Maududi – Jinnah’s nemesis • Azad – the prescient cleric • Bacha Khan – the peaceful Pathan • Who won, who lost? • o Part Three: Postnatal Blues • 7. Stubborn angularities I: Bengal • A snapshot of history • Mocking Bangla • The road to separation • Punjab still doesn’t want to know why • Bangladesh overtakes Pakistan • Final reflections • 8. Stubborn angularities II: Balochistan • A shotgun wedding • Baloch identity emerges • Changes since 1947 • Too rich to be left alone • CPEC and Balochistan • The secession question • The way forward • o Part Four: Five Big Questions • 9. Was Partition worth the price? • The no-Pakistan option • Socialist utopia rejected • Mobilizing the Muslim masses • The winners • The losers • The cobra effect • 10. What is the ideology of Pakistan – and why does it matter? • Ideology defined • Hindutva ideology • Pakistan ka matlab kya? • The weaponization of ideology • Resolving the ideology conundrum • 11. Why couldn’t Pakistan become an Islamic state? • Warmup: a Christian state • Who speaks for Islam? • Qur’an and Islamic state • Islamic scholars on the Islamic state • Model I: The Medina state • Model II: Maudoodi’s Islamic state • Model III: The Taliban state • The caliphate’s undying appeal • The ummah and pan-Islamism • What created political Islam? • What if Pakistan becomes an Islamic sharia state? • Is a liberal sharia state possible? • 12. Why is Pakistan a praetorian state? • The Establishment defined • Bankrupt political class • A once apolitical army • America’s junior partner • Strong men make weak countries • Wars of choice • Cross-border jihad – a failed experiment • Courting the blasphemy-busters • India under martial law? • 13. Identity crisis: I’m Pakistani but what am I? • Inventing an ancient Pakistan • Telling Hindu from Muslim • State imposed identity • Cultural orphans • The first Pakistani • Arab Wannabe Syndrome • My name is Ertugrul • Citizens and subjects • Price of prejudice • The overseas Pakistani • Folks: here’s what I really am! • o Part Five: Looking Ahead • 14. Three imminent physical perils • Climate change • Population bomb • Nuclear war • Prognosis up to 2047 • 15. The paths travelled post-1971 • Experiment One – Vengeance • Experiment Two – Nizam-e-Mustafa • Experiment Three – Enlightened moderation • Experiment Four – Hybrid regime • Why the experiments failed • 16. Replacing the Two Nation Theory • End legalized discrimination • Spread the wealth • Pakistan not Punjabistan • Uncage the women • Give skills don’t brainwash • Cool down Kashmir • Send army to the barracks • Epilogue • o Index
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