Youtor
Histology of Jejunum
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Content: • 0:00 Introduction • 0:32 Small Intestine Overview • 1:44 Caecum • 3:10 Appendix • 5:33 Ascending Colon • 6:45 Transverse Colon • 9:52 Descending Colon • 11:33 Sigmoid Colon • 12:26 Rectum • 13:54 Layers of Large Intestinal Wall • • ------------------------------- • π« Join: / @taimtalksmed • π· Follow my IG: / taimtalksmed • π Donation link: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/taimtalk... • ------------------------------- • • Large Intestine Overview: • Intestinum Crassum • Starts at End of Ileum and Ends at Anus • Length of Large Intestine: 1-1.65 meters Long • Function: • β Absorption of water and electrolytes • Parts: • β Caecum • β Appendix • β Ascending Colon • β Transverse Colon • β Descending Colon • β Sigmoid Colon • β Rectum • Caecum: • Topography: • β Holotopy: Right Inguinal Region • Size: 6-8 cm long and 7-7,5 cm wide • Ileal Orifice (ostium ileale) • Ileocecal Valve • • Appendix Veriformis: • 2-4cm long and 0,5-1cm wide • Orifice of Veriform Appendix (Ostium Appendicis Veriformis) • Positions of the Appendix: • β Caudal Position (40-50%) • β Medial Position (17-20%) • β Lateral Position (17-20%) • β Posterior Position (9-13%) • β Anterior Position (very rarely) • Appendicitis: • Inflammation of the appendix • May cause peritonitis • McBurney's Point • T10 Dermatome. Umbilical pain in early stage • Ascending Colon (Colon Ascendens): • 12-20cm long • Topography: • β Holotopy: Right Lateral Region and Right Hypochondriac region • β Syntopy: • § Anteriroly: Anterior abdominal wall • § Laterally: lateral abdominal wall • § Posteriorly: right kidney, Quadratus Lumborum, Transverse Abdominal Muscle • Transverse Colon (Colon Transversum): • 30-80cm long • Topography: • β Holotopy: • § Right Colic Flexure (Flexura Coli Dextra) in Right hypochondriac Region • § Umbillical Region • § Left Colic Flexure (Flexura Coli Sinistra) in Left Hypochondriac region • β Skeletopy: L2 - L1 (Left colic flexure higher than right colic flexure since the left colic flexure is helt by phrenocolic ligament) • β Syntopy: Transverse Mesocolon, Greater Omentum. • Descending Colon (Colon Descendens) • 15-20 cm long • Topography: • β Holotopy: Left Lateral Region, Left Iliac Fossa (fossa iliaca sinistra) • β Syntopy: Small intestine, left kidney, quadratus lumborum, abdominal wall. • β Ascending and descending colon: Mesoperitoneal Viscera - partly covered by peritoneum • Sigmoid Colon (Colon Sigmoideum): • 15-80 cm long • Left Ilac Fossa to the Sacroiliac Joint (art. Sacroiliaca) • Continues into rectum • Helt in position by root of the mesentery (radix mesenterii) • Rectum: • 15-20cm • Sigmoid Colon, anteriorly of sacrum • Sacral Flexure (flexura sacralis) • Perineal Flexure (Flexura perinealis) • Rectal Ampulla (ampulla recti) • Anal Canal (Canalis Analis) • Anus • Layers of Large Intestinal Wall: • Tunica Mucosa • β Simple Columnar Epithelium • β Goblet Cells • β Intestinal Crypts • β Lamina Propria • β Lamina Muscularis Mucosa • β Semilunar folds of the colon (plicae semilunares coli) • β Solitary lymph nodules • β Aggregated lymph nodules • β Superior Transverse Fold (plica transversalis recti superior) • β Middle Transverse Fold (Plica transversalis recti media) • β Infrior Transverse Fold (Plica transversalis recti inferior) • β Anal Columns (columnae anales) • β Anal Sinuses (sinus anales) • Tela Submucosa • β Loose connective tissue and blood vessels • β At anal canal: rectal venous plexuses (hemorrhoidal plexus), hemorrhoidal zone may evolve to hemorrhoids • Tunica Muscularis • β Circular muscle fibers • § Internal anal sphincter • § External anal sphincter • β Longitudinal Muscle fibers • § Bands (tenia coli) • § Tenia Libera (free tenia) • § Tenia omentalis (omental tenia) • § Tenia mesocolica (mesocolic tenia) • β Haustra of colon / sacculations (haustrae coli) • β Transverse grooves (sulci transversi) • Tunica Serosa • β Intraperitoneal viscera • β Mesoperitoneal viscera • Sources used in this video: • Memorix Anatomy 2nd Edition by Hudák Radovan (Author), Kachlík David (Author), Volný OndΕej (Author) • Biorender • University notes and lectures
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