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What is the Langelier Saturation Index LSI Orenda Whiteboard
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Understanding the Langelier Saturation Index (LSI) • https://blog.orendatech.com/langelier... • The Langelier Saturation Index (LSI) is a formula developed from studies conducted by Dr. Wilfred Langelier in the early 20th century. The LSI is the basis for water balance, and measures the relative saturation of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) in water. Under-saturation (low LSI below -0.30) means water is aggressive, and seeks calcium to reestablish equilibrium. Over-saturation (high LSI above +0.30) means water has too much calcium and it can no longer hold it all in solution, so it deposits some out in the form of carbonate scale: https://blog.orendatech.com/carbonate... • We at Orenda prioritize LSI first, then Range Chemistry (with the exception of pH). https://blog.orendatech.com/lsi-first... • The LSI Equation • (pH) + (Temperature ºF) + (Calcium Hardness) + [(Total Alkalinity) – (CYA correction factor @ current pH)] – (TDS factor) = LSI • LSI measures water balance and equilibrium. • Ideal saturation of CaCO3 is 0.00 LSI. Under-saturation is corrosive, and over-saturation is scale-forming. Balanced water, however, is happy, and will neither etch, nor scale. Obviously our objective at Orenda is to be proactive, and maintain LSI Balance and manage calcium: https://blog.orendatech.com/lsi-balan... • There are six variables you need to calculate the Langelier Saturation Index: • pH • Water Temperature (ºF) • Calcium Hardness (ppm) • Alkalinity (ppm) • Cyanuric Acid/Stabilizer (If applicable, correction based on pH) • Total Dissolved Solids (ppm) • More about the LSI factors • pH: this variable is the most likely to shift up and down, as pool operators already know. In the LSI calculation, it has no factor, just the pH value itself (example: 7.2). The lower the pH, the more acidic, and the higher the pH, the more alkaline. • Calcium on salt cell, scale • Salt cells generate heat, which encourages calcium to fall out of solution and form scale. Temperature (ºF): Temperature affects the speed of chemical reactions in water. This explains why salt cells often have calcium carbonate scale on them (heat). • Calcium Hardness: This is a measurement of how much calcium is dissolved in the water. Water that is over-saturated with calcium is likely to be more scale forming, but only if the pH and total alkalinity allow for it to come out of solution. Calcium hardness—like total alkalinity—serves as a buffer for pH. • Alkalinity: In the original Langelier Saturation Index formula, Dr. Langelier used total alkalinity. Over time, however, it became evident that swimming pool chemistry is different from other types of water; therefore it is more accurate to use carbonate alkalinity. • Cyanuric Acid (stabilizer): If CYA is present, adjust total alkalinity with the cyanurate correction factor in the chart above to find the carbonate alkalinity. • Total Dissolved Solids (TDS): TDS is a measurement of everything that is dissolved in the water, floating around in suspension. • The LSI offers a different way of looking at water chemistry. By understanding how saturated the water is with calcium, it is a strong predictor of damage to gunite/plaster before it gets bad. • Manage your LSI with the free ORENDA App, available in iTunes and GooglePlay.
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