Pharmacology of Gentamicin Pharmacokinetics Mechanism of action Uses Effects Antibiotics

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Gentamicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat a variety of bacterial infections. Here are some key points about its pharmacology: • Mechanism of Action • Gentamicin works by binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit of bacteria, inhibiting protein synthesis. This binding disrupts the reading frame during mRNA translation, leading to the production of faulty proteins and ultimately bacterial cell death1. • Spectrum of Activity • Gentamicin is effective against a wide range of Gram-negative bacteria, including Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter species. It is also used against certain Gram-positive bacteria, such as Staphylococcus aureus. • Pharmacokinetics • Absorption: Gentamicin is not absorbed orally and is usually administered intravenously or intramuscularly. • Distribution: Widely distributed in body tissues and fluids, including the kidneys, liver, and lungs2. • Metabolism: Not extensively metabolized; primarily excreted unchanged by the kidneys. • Elimination: The elimination half-life is approximately 2-3 hours. • Excretion: Approximately 90% of the dose is excreted unchanged in the urine. • Dosage and Administration • Adults: Typically, the dose is 5-7 mg/kg once daily for patients with normal renal function. Dosing may be adjusted based on renal function2. • Children: Dosage is adjusted based on body weight and the specific infection being treated. • Side Effects • Common side effects include nephrotoxicity (kidney damage) and ototoxicity (hearing loss), especially when used in high doses or for prolonged periods. Other side effects may include gastrointestinal disturbances, skin rash, and allergic reactions1. • Drug Interactions • Gentamicin can interact with other nephrotoxic drugs, such as aminoglycosides and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), increasing the risk of kidney damage. It should be used cautiously with these medications. • Indications • Gentamicin is indicated for the treatment of severe Gram-negative bacterial infections, including urinary tract infections, respiratory tract infections, sepsis, and bacterial meningitis • #Gentamicin

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