Sarcoidosis pathophysiology clinical aspects and management

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Please read and agree to the disclaimer before watching this video. • . Subscribe to the drbeen Channel HERE: http://bit.ly/2GBhiS0 • For more content from drbeen, click HERE: http://bit.ly/2GB41bU • Watch drbeen videos HERE: http://bit.ly/2GB41bU • Like drbeen on Facebook HERE: http://bit.ly/2GSSTGS • Follow drbeen on Twitter HERE: http://bit.ly/2XeSVhV • Follow drbeen on Instagram HERE: http://bit.ly/2ST2Zih • Get new medical lectures across your devices. Stream anywhere, anytime. Try it for free! http://bit.ly/2QsIwQ5 • Sarcoidosis is discussed as part of restrictive lung diseases. We will discuss: • The connection of Sarcoidosis with the respiratory system. • Definition: • A non-caseating granulomatous disease of unknown etiology involving multiple systems. • Guidelines for the diagnosis: • TB, Fungi, Viruses, and other agents (Borrelia) can cause non-caseating granulomas. • Demography: • Genetics, immune disorders (CD4 cell dysregulation), HLA-B1, HLA-B8, African Americans, women more than men, young patients, non-smokers. • Pathogenesis: • Mechanism of production of non-caseating granuloma. • Antigen's arrival. • Antigen presenting cells' (APCs) response. • CD4 cells in the lymph nodes (hilar and paratracheal) get involved. • IL2 release. • The monoclonal proliferation of the CD4 cells. • IL4-IL5 release leading to polyclonal B cell proliferation in the lymph nodes. • IFN-gamma release. • Activation of macrophages. • The release of IL8, TNF, MIP-1alpha. • Epithelioid cell formation. • Multinucleated giant cell formation. • Granuloma formation. • A ring of CD4 cells around the granuloma. • Concentric deposition of Ca++ and proteins inside the cells. Schaumann bodies. • Asteroid body formation. • Organs involved. • Skin lesions on the scalp, nose, cheeks, and the lips. Even on the back and neck. • Lupus Pernio. • Painful lesions (erythema nodosum) on the front of the legs. • Pituitary gland involvement. Resulting in diabetes inspidus. • Meningitis. • Parotid gland involvement leading to xerostomia. • Eye involvement • Lacrimal gland inflammation - sicca syndrome. • Pericarditis of the heart. • Hilar lymphadenopathy. • Paratracheal lymphadenopathy. • Liver and spleen enlargement due to granulomas in the liver. • Clinical aspects: • In some patients, ACE enzyme increases. • Alpha-1 hydroxylase is increased which in turn causes hypercalcemia. • Hypercalcemia occurs. • 10-15% of patients will develop progressive interstitial fibrosis with poor prognosis. • Usually resolves automatically. • Steroid can be given. • TNF blockers can also slow down this disease. ... • Disclaimer: • This video is not intended to provide assessment, diagnosis, treatment, or medical advice; it also does not constitute provision of healthcare services. The content provided in this video is for informational and educational purposes only. • Please consult with a physician or healthcare professional regarding any medical or mental health related diagnosis or treatment. No information in this video should ever be considered as a substitute for advice from a healthcare professional. ... • Disclaimer: • This video is not intended to provide assessment, diagnosis, treatment, or medical advice; it also does not constitute provision of healthcare services. The content provided in this video is for informational and educational purposes only. • Please consult with a physician or healthcare professional regarding any medical or mental health related diagnosis or treatment. No information in this video should ever be considered as a substitute for advice from a healthcare professional.

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