Youtor
Medical Dosage Calculations Ch9 Parenteral Medication
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Welcome! We are continue to work on drug calculations and in this video will do few questions, explaining how to calculate loading dose. So take your notes, pencil, calculator and let's start! Questions from this video: • 00:00 - What is Loading Dose • 00:15 - A 61-year-old female patient with 70 kg body weight is presents to the emergency department late one evening complaining of increasing shortness of breath, dizziness, and the sensation of her heart racing.” On admission, her heart rate is 140 bpm, blood pressure 105/55 mm Hg, respirations 27 breaths per minute, and oxygen saturation 88% on room air. She is going to be treated with an experimental drug, Drug Y, for her “racing heart”. If the Vd is 1 L/kg and the desired steady state plasma concentration is 2.5 mg/L, which of the following is the most appropriate intravenous loading dose for Drug Y for this patient? • A. 175 mg. • B. 70 mg. • C. 28 mg. • D. 10 mg. • E. 1 mg. • 02:10 - A 75-year-old man sought medical care at the hospital due to severe chest pain lasting for around 24 hours. The patient was aware of being hypertensive and was a previous smoker. Without any prior symptom, he started to have severe chest pain and sought emergency medical care after about 24 hours, due to pain persistence. Physician decided to administer a drug that has an apparent volume of distribution of 20 L. The plan is to administer a loading dose to reach a target plasma level of 5 mcg/mL. This plasma concentration is the target steady-state concentration (CSS), and it will be maintained by subsequent oral maintenance doses in future. What IV loading dose would be needed to yield that 5 mcg/mL target? • A. 1 mg • B. 5 mg • C. 10 mg • D. 20 mg • E. 100 mg • 04:08 - The patient is a 32-year-old male with no significant past medical history presents to the emergency department with abdominal pain. He states the pain began a few days ago in the right lower quadrant of the abdomen, and now feels as though it is spreading to the mid-abdomen. The surgery was done, and patient is experiencing severe postoperative pain. Physician decided to give a loading dose of an analgesic drug for prompt relief of discomfort. The drug has the following pharmacokinetic properties: half-life is 12 hours, clearance is 0.08 L/min, volume of distribution is 60L. The target plasma concentration for the drug was chosen as 8 mcg/mL in order to provide complete pain relief. What number comes closest to the correct loading dose for this patient? • A. 0.48 mg (rounded to 0.5 mg) • B. 150 mg • C. 320 mg • D. 480 mg • E. 640 mg • 05:36 - A 23-year-old 75 kg male college student with no prior medical history except attention deficit disorder since childhood was seen in the emergency department with first seizure: a sensation of ringing in his ears and headache immediately preceding a generalized tonic-clonic seizure with loss of consciousness and tongue bite. He was started on an intravenous drug for treatment of his seizures. The drug has a volume of distribution of 0.5 L/kg. If the desired serum concentration is 20 mg/L, what is the appropriate loading dose for the administered medication? • A. 37.5mg • B. 100 mg • C. 375mg • D. 750mg • E. 1500mg • 07:08 - A 27-year-old woman presents to her primary care physician with a report of urinating more frequently and pain with urination. She denies blood in her urine, fevers, chills, flank pain, and vaginal discharge. She reports having experienced similar symptoms a few years ago and that they went away after a course of antibiotics. Pertinent history reveals she has been sexually active with her boyfriend for the past 4 months and uses condoms for contraception. The physician initiates treatment with the appropriate antibiotic, which has a bioavailability of 40% and a volume of distribution of 10 L. The patient’s creatinine clearance is 88 mL/min. Which of the following is the loading dose required to obtain a desired plasma concentration of 20 mg/L? • A. 400 mg • B. 50 mg • C. 500 mg • D. 80 mg • E. 800 mg • F. 200 mg • #drhliebov #usmlestep1 #pharmacology #pharmacokinetics
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