Ranges and Column Spaces
>> YOUR LINK HERE: ___ http://youtube.com/watch?v=FTN1PSWKnTg
The range of a linear transformation is the set of all possible outputs. This is closely related to the column space of the matrix of the linear transformation.","styleRuns":[{"startIndex":0,"length":160,"styleRunExtensions":{"styleRunColorMapExtension":{"colorMap":[{"key":"USER_INTERFACE_THEME_DARK","value":4294967295},{"key":"USER_INTERFACE_THEME_LIGHT","value":4279440147}]}},"fontFamilyName":"Roboto"}]},"headerRuns":[{"startIndex":0,"length":160,"headerMapping":"ATTRIBUTED_STRING_HEADER_MAPPING_UNSPECIFIED"}]}},{"itemSectionRenderer":{"contents":[{"continuationItemRenderer":{"trigger":"CONTINUATION_TRIGGER_ON_ITEM_SHOWN","continuationEndpoint":{"clickTrackingParams":"CKIBELsvGAIiEwiS04Hf6uuLAxWqb3oFHUz8AjU=","commandMetadata":{"webCommandMetadata":{"sendPost":true,"apiUrl":"/youtubei/v1/next"}},"continuationCommand":{"token":"Eg0SC0ZUTjFQU1dLblRnGAYyJSIRIgtGVE4xUFNXS25UZzAAeAJCEGNvbW1lbnRzLXNlY3Rpb24%3D","request":"CONTINUATION_REQUEST_TYPE_WATCH_NEXT"}}}}],"trackingParams":"CKIBELsvGAIiEwiS04Hf6uuLAxWqb3oFHUz8AjU=","sectionIdentifier":"comment-item-section","targetId":"comments-section"}}],"trackingParams":"CKEBELovIhMIktOB3-rriwMVqm96BR1M_AI1"}},"secondaryResults":{"secondaryResults":{"results":[{"compactVideoRenderer":{"videoId":"lRdX1qhI7Dw","thumbnail":{"thumbnails":[{"url":"https://i.ytimg.com/vi/lRdX1qhI7Dw/hqdefault.jpg?sqp=-oaymwE1CKgBEF5IVfKriqkDKAgBFQAAiEIYAXABwAEG8AEB-AGYBYACygOKAgwIABABGGUgZShlMA8= rs=AOn4CLCGrn7JRIkNAPs0j2Vsw-3vIdkteA","width":168,"height":94},{"url":"https://i.ytimg.com/vi/lRdX1qhI7Dw/hqdefault.jpg?sqp=-oaymwE2CNACELwBSFXyq4qpAygIARUAAIhCGAFwAcABBvABAfgBmAWAAsoDigIMCAAQARhlIGUoZTAP rs=AOn4CLAFGfbMviLnnj6AXC9JtyNN4MHu1A","width":336,"height":188}]},"title":{"accessibility":{"accessibilityData":{"label":"Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors I: Definitions by Lorenzo Sadun 5,672 views 11 years ago 8 minutes, 16 seconds"}},"simpleText":"Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors I: Definitions"},"longBylineText":{"runs":[{"text":"Lorenzo Sadun","navigationEndpoint":{"clickTrackingParams":"CJsBEKQwGAAiEwiS04Hf6uuLAxWqb3oFHUz8AjUyB3JlbGF0ZWQ=","commandMetadata":{"webCommandMetadata":{"url":"/@lorenzosadun565","webPageType":"WEB_PAGE_TYPE_CHANNEL","rootVe":3611,"apiUrl":"/youtubei/v1/browse"}},"browseEndpoint":{"browseId":"UC3IZYipZ6A_Rs5v0GdwUM7Q","canonicalBaseUrl":"/@lorenzosadun565"}}}]},"publishedTimeText":{"simpleText":"11 years ago"},"viewCountText":{"simpleText":"5,672 views"},"lengthText":{"accessibility":{"accessibilityData":{"label":"8 minutes, 16 seconds"}},"simpleText":"8:16"},"navigationEndpoint":{"clickTrackingParams":"CJsBEKQwGAAiEwiS04Hf6uuLAxWqb3oFHUz8AjUyB3JlbGF0ZWRIuLqqrNKn3ZkVmgEFCAEQ-B0=","commandMetadata":{"webCommandMetadata":{"url":"/watch?v=lRdX1qhI7Dw","webPageType":"WEB_PAGE_TYPE_WATCH","rootVe":3832}},"watchEndpoint":{"videoId":"lRdX1qhI7Dw","nofollow":true,"watchEndpointSupportedOnesieConfig":{"html5PlaybackOnesieConfig":{"commonConfig":{"url":"https://rr1---sn-uxaxiv0nxx5q-nv4l.googlevideo.com/initplayback?source=youtube oeis=1 c=WEB oad=3200 ovd=3200 oaad=11000 oavd=11000 ocs=700 oewis=1 oputc=1 ofpcc=1 msp=1 odepv=1 onvi=1 id=951757d6a848ec3c ip=2a02%3A27aa%3A0%3A0%3A0%3A0%3A0%3Ad49 initcwndbps=1061250 mt=1740933205 oweuc= pxtags=Cg4KAnR4Egg1MTM5MzE1NA rxtags=Cg4KAnR4Egg1MTM5MzE1NA%2CCg4KAnR4Egg1MTM5MzE1NQ%2CCg4KAnR4Egg1MTM5MzE1Ng%2CCg4KAnR4Egg1MTM5MzE1Nw%2CCg4KAnR4Egg1MTM5MzE1OA"}}}}},"shortBylineText":{"runs":[{"text":"Lorenzo Sadun","navigationEndpoint":{"clickTrackingParams":"CJsBEKQwGAAiEwiS04Hf6uuLAxWqb3oFHUz8AjUyB3JlbGF0ZWQ=","commandMetadata":{"webCommandMetadata":{"url":"/@lorenzosadun565","webPageType":"WEB_PAGE_TYPE_CHANNEL","rootVe":3611,"apiUrl":"/youtubei/v1/browse"}},"browseEndpoint":{"browseId":"UC3IZYipZ6A_Rs5v0GdwUM7Q","canonicalBaseUrl":"/@lorenzosadun565"}}}]},"channelThumbnail":{"thumbnails":[{"url":"https://yt3.ggpht.com/ytc/AIdro_mnSQdWd8pywAbWIhWxPYFt79hOHNnIxwerR9zYFLYTng=s68-c-k-c0x00ffffff-no-rj","width":68,"height":68}]},"trackingParams":"CJsBEKQwGAAiEwiS04Hf6uuLAxWqb3oFHUz8AjVAvNijwur61YuVAQ==","shortViewCountText":{"accessibility":{"accessibilityData":{"label":"5.6K views"}},"simpleText":"5.6K views"},"menu":{"menuRenderer":{"items":[{"menuServiceItemRenderer":{"text":{"runs":[{"text":"Add to queue"}]},"icon":{"iconType":"ADD_TO_QUEUE_TAIL"},"serviceEndpoint":{"clickTrackingParams":"CJ8BEP6YBBgFIhMIktOB3-rriwMVqm96BR1M_AI1","commandMetadata":{"webCommandMetadata":{"sendPost":true}},"signalServiceEndpoint":{"signal":"CLIENT_SIGNAL","actions":[{"clickTrackingParams":"CJ8BEP6YBBgFIhMIktOB3-rriwMVqm96BR1M_AI1","addToPlaylistCommand":{"openMiniplayer":false,"openListPanel":true,"videoId":"lRdX1qhI7Dw","listType":"PLAYLIST_EDIT_LIST_TYPE_QUEUE","onCreateListCommand":{"clickTrackingParams":"CJ8BEP6YBBgFIhMIktOB3-rriwMVqm96BR1M_AI1","commandMetadata":{"webCommandMetadata":{"sendPost":true,"apiUrl":"/youtubei/v1/playlist/create"}},"createPlaylistServiceEndpoint":{"videoIds":["lRdX1qhI7Dw"],"params":"CAQ%3D"}},"videoIds":["lRdX1qhI7Dw"]}},{"clickTrackingParams":"CJ8BEP6YBBgFIhMIktOB3-rriwMVqm96BR1M_AI1","openPopupAction":{"popup":{"notificationActionRenderer":{"responseText":{"simpleText":"Added to queue"},"trackingParams":"CKABELlqIhMIktOB3-rriwMVqm96BR1M_AI1"}},"popupType":"TOAST"}}]}},"trackingParams":"CJ8BEP6YBBgFIhMIktOB3-rriwMVqm96BR1M_AI1"}},{"menuServiceItemRenderer":{"text":{"runs":[{"text":"Share"}]},"icon":{"iconType":"SHARE"},"serviceEndpoint":{"clickTrackingParams":"CJsBEKQwGAAiEwiS04Hf6uuLAxWqb3oFHUz8AjU=","commandMetadata":{"webCommandMetadata":{"sendPost":true,"apiUrl":"/youtubei/v1/share/get_share_panel"}},"shareEntityServiceEndpoint":{"serializedShareEntity":"CgtsUmRYMXFoSTdEdw%3D%3D","commands":[{"clickTrackingParams":"CJsBEKQwGAAiEwiS04Hf6uuLAxWqb3oFHUz8AjU=","openPopupAction":{"popup":{"unifiedSharePanelRenderer":{"trackingParams":"CJ4BEI5iIhMIktOB3-rriwMVqm96BR1M_AI1","showLoadingSpinner":true}},"popupType":"DIALOG","beReused":true}}]}},"trackingParams":"CJsBEKQwGAAiEwiS04Hf6uuLAxWqb3oFHUz8AjU=","hasSeparator":true}}],"trackingParams":"CJsBEKQwGAAiEwiS04Hf6uuLAxWqb3oFHUz8AjU=","accessibility":{"accessibilityData":{"label":"Action menu"}},"targetId":"watch-related-menu-button"}},"thumbnailOverlays":[{"thumbnailOverlayTimeStatusRenderer":{"text":{"accessibility":{"accessibilityData":{"label":"8 minutes, 16 seconds"}},"simpleText":"8:16"},"style":"DEFAULT"}},{"thumbnailOverlayToggleButtonRenderer":{"isToggled":false,"untoggledIcon":{"iconType":"WATCH_LATER"},"toggledIcon":{"iconType":"CHECK"},"untoggledTooltip":"Watch later","toggledTooltip":"Added","untoggledServiceEndpoint":{"clickTrackingParams":"CJ0BEPnnAxgBIhMIktOB3-rriwMVqm96BR1M_AI1","commandMetadata":{"webCommandMetadata":{"sendPost":true,"apiUrl":"/youtubei/v1/browse/edit_playlist"}},"playlistEditEndpoint":{"playlistId":"WL","actions":[{"addedVideoId":"lRdX1qhI7Dw","action":"ACTION_ADD_VIDEO"}]}},"toggledServiceEndpoint":{"clickTrackingParams":"CJ0BEPnnAxgBIhMIktOB3-rriwMVqm96BR1M_AI1","commandMetadata":{"webCommandMetadata":{"sendPost":true,"apiUrl":"/youtubei/v1/browse/edit_playlist"}},"playlistEditEndpoint":{"playlistId":"WL","actions":[{"action":"ACTION_REMOVE_VIDEO_BY_VIDEO_ID","removedVideoId":"lRdX1qhI7Dw"}]}},"untoggledAccessibility":{"accessibilityData":{"label":"Watch later"}},"toggledAccessibility":{"accessibilityData":{"label":"Added"}},"trackingParams":"CJ0BEPnnAxgBIhMIktOB3-rriwMVqm96BR1M_AI1"}},{"thumbnailOverlayToggleButtonRenderer":{"untoggledIcon":{"iconType":"ADD_TO_QUEUE_TAIL"},"toggledIcon":{"iconType":"PLAYLIST_ADD_CHECK"},"untoggledTooltip":"Add to queue","toggledTooltip":"Added","untoggledServiceEndpoint":{"clickTrackingParams":"CJwBEMfsBBgCIhMIktOB3-rriwMVqm96BR1M_AI1","commandMetadata":{"webCommandMetadata":{"sendPost":true}},"signalServiceEndpoint":{"signal":"CLIENT_SIGNAL","actions":[{"clickTrackingParams":"CJwBEMfsBBgCIhMIktOB3-rriwMVqm96BR1M_AI1","addToPlaylistCommand":{"openMiniplayer":false,"openListPanel":true,"videoId":"lRdX1qhI7Dw","listType":"PLAYLIST_EDIT_LIST_TYPE_QUEUE","onCreateListCommand":{"clickTrackingParams":"CJwBEMfsBBgCIhMIktOB3-rriwMVqm96BR1M_AI1","commandMetadata":{"webCommandMetadata":{"sendPost":true,"apiUrl":"/youtubei/v1/playlist/create"}},"createPlaylistServiceEndpoint":{"videoIds":["lRdX1qhI7Dw"],"params":"CAQ%3D"}},"videoIds":["lRdX1qhI7Dw"]}}]}},"untoggledAccessibility":{"accessibilityData":{"label":"Add to queue"}},"toggledAccessibility":{"accessibilityData":{"label":"Added"}},"trackingParams":"CJwBEMfsBBgCIhMIktOB3-rriwMVqm96BR1M_AI1"}},{"thumbnailOverlayNowPlayingRenderer":{"text":{"runs":[{"text":"Now playing"}]}}}],"accessibility":{"accessibilityData":{"label":"Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors I: Definitions - 8 minutes, 16 seconds - Go to channel - Lorenzo Sadun - 5.6K views - 11 years ago - play video"}},"richThumbnail":{"movingThumbnailRenderer":{"enableHoveredLogging":true,"enableOverlay":true}}}},{"lockupViewModel":{"contentImage":{"collectionThumbnailViewModel":{"primaryThumbnail":{"thumbnailViewModel":{"image":{"sources":[{"url":"https://i.ytimg.com/vi/8KPzuPi-zKk/hqdefault.jpg?sqp=-oaymwEwCKgBEF5IWvKriqkDIwgBFQAAiEIYAfABAfgBmAWAAsoDigIMCAAQARhyIFooPjAP rs=AOn4CLAekndEkZ39eZGBgzgEfKG5_tAxkA","width":168,"height":94},{"url":"https://i.ytimg.com/vi/8KPzuPi-zKk/hqdefault.jpg?sqp=-oaymwExCNACELwBSFryq4qpAyMIARUAAIhCGAHwAQH4AZgFgALKA4oCDAgAEAEYciBaKD4wDw== rs=AOn4CLBip1ABkikngAbZIKVIdZlo6Ed1IA","width":336,"height":188}]},"overlays":[{"thumbnailOverlayBadgeViewModel":{"thumbnailBadges":[{"thumbnailBadgeViewModel":{"icon":{"sources":[{"clientResource":{"imageName":"PLAYLISTS"}}]},"text":"103 videos","badgeStyle":"THUMBNAIL_OVERLAY_BADGE_STYLE_DEFAULT","backgroundColor":{"lightTheme":2629654,"darkTheme":2629654}}}],"position":"THUMBNAIL_OVERLAY_BADGE_POSITION_BOTTOM_END"}},{"thumbnailHoverOverlayViewModel":{"icon":{"sources":[{"clientResource":{"imageName":"PLAY_ALL"}}]},"text":{"content":"Play all","styleRuns":[{"startIndex":0,"length":8}]},"style":"THUMBNAIL_HOVER_OVERLAY_STYLE_COVER"}}],"backgroundColor":{"lightTheme":4996137,"darkTheme":4996137}}},"stackColor":{"lightTheme":12559749,"darkTheme":9668214}}},"metadata":{"lockupMetadataViewModel":{"title":{"content":"Linear Algebra"},"metadata":{"contentMetadataViewModel":{"metadataRows":[{"metadataParts":[{"text":{"content":"Lorenzo Sadun
#############################
