How does ECT work

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Hi all! This video talks about electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)- how ECT works (biologically), what ECT is and how the treatment decision is made, and the type of individuals that might benefit from the treatment. I hope you enjoy it! Please like and subscribe if you do :) • Website: avamason.com • Collab/proof-reading: [email protected] • Music creds: Jayan Patel • 00:00 General intro • 00:36 ECT intro • 00:57 Clinical indications • 02:36 ECT Mechanisms of action • 03:22 Monoamine theory • 04:06 Neuroendocrine theory • 04:44 Anticonvulsant theory • 05:05 Neurotrophic theory • 05:41 ECT steps • 08:25 Consent steps • 09:38 Summary • References: • Based on: Kellner, C. H et al. (2012). ECT in treatment-resistant depression. American Journal of Psychiatry, 169(12), 1238-1244. • Lisanby SH: Electroconvulsive therapy for depression. N Engl J Med 2007; 357:1939–1945 2. • Payne NA, Prudic J: Electroconvulsive therapy, part II: a biopsychosocial perspective. J Psychiatr Pract 2009; 15:369–390 • American Psychiatric Association, Task Force on Electroconvulsive Therapy: The Practice of Electroconvulsive Therapy: Recommendations for Treatment, Training, and Privileging. • Mukherjee S, Sackeim HA, Schnur DB: Electroconvulsive therapy of acute manic episodes: a review of 50 years’ experience. Am J Psychiatry 1994; 151:169–176 • Francis A, Fink M: ECT response in catatonia. Am J Psychiatry 1992; 149:581–582 • Kellner C: Brain Stimulation in Psychiatry: ECT, DBS, TMS, and Other Modalities. Cambridge, UK, Cambridge University Press, 2012 • Fochtmann LJ: Animal studies of electroconvulsive therapy: foundations for future research. Psychopharmacol Bull 1994; 30:321–444 • Cronholm B, Ottosson JO: Experimental studies of the therapeutic action of electroconvulsive therapy in endogenous depression: the role of the electrical stimulation and of the seizure studied by variation of stimulus intensity and modification by lidocaine of seizure discharge. Acta Psychiatr Scand Suppl 1960; 35:69–101 • Heninger G.R et al. : The revised monoamine theory of depression: a modulatory role for monoamines, based on new findings from monoamine depletion experiments in humans. Pharmacopsychiatry 1996; 29:2–11 • Pfleiderer B et al. : Effective electroconvulsive therapy reverses glutamate/glutamine deficit in the left anterior cingulum of unipolar depressed patients. Psychiatry Res 2003; 122:185–192 • Esel E et al, The effects of electroconvulsive therapy on GABAergic function in major depressive patients. J ECT 2008; 24:224–228 • Kamil R, Joffe RT: Neuroendocrine testing in electroconvulsive therapy. Psychiatr Clin North Am 1991; 14:961–970 • Taylor MA, Fink M: Melancholia: The Diagnosis, Pathophysiology, and Treatment of Depressive Illness. New York, Cambridge University Press, 2006 • Sackeim HA: The anticonvulsant hypothesis of the mechanisms of action of ECT: current status. J ECT 1999; 15:5–26 • Chen F, Madsen TM, Wegener G, Nyengaard JR: Repeated electroconvulsive seizures increase the total number of synapses in adult male rat hippocampus. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2009; 19:329–338 • More references can be found in the first article mention.

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