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Peptidoglycan Biosynthesis Bacterial Cell Wall Synthesis Formation of Peptidoglycan Layer
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The biosynthesis of bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan is a complex process that involves enzyme reactions that take place in the cytoplasm (synthesis of the nucleotide precursors) and on the inner side (synthesis of lipid-linked intermediates) and outer side (polymerization reactions) of the cytoplasmic membrane • ............................................................................................................ • Disclaimer: • …………………………………………………………………………… • NOTE: ALL THE IMAGES / PICTURES SHOWN IN THIS VIDEO BELONGS TO THE RESPECTED OWNERS NOT ME. • I AM NOT THE OWNER OF ANY PICTURES SHOWED IN THE VIDEO. I ALSO PROVIDE THE PICTURE MATERIAL LINKS OF THE ORIGINAL OWNER IN MY VIDEO DESCRIPTION WITH MY CONTACT EMAIL. • ………………………………………………………………………………….. • Copyright Disclaimer Under Section 107 of the Copyright Act 1976, allowance is made for fair use for purposes such as criticism, commenting, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, and research. Fair use is a use permitted by copyright statutes that might otherwise be infringing. Non-profit, educational or personal use tips the balance in favour of fair use. • -This video has no negative impact on the original works (It would actually be positive for them) • -This video is also for teaching purposes. • -It is not transformative in nature. • -I only used pieces of images to get the point across where necessary. • I make these videos with the intention of educating others in a motivational/inspirational form. I do not own the pictures/images that I use in most cases. Our understanding is that it is in correlation to Fair Right Use, however given that it is open to interpretation, if any owners of the content image would like us to remove the video, I have no problem with that and will do so as fast as possible. Please message me on YouTube or Facebook if you have any concerns. • I believe these videos are fair use because: • They are Transformative in a positive sense; I take images from various sources to help create an atmospheric feeling that will help people in hard situations in their life. • I also do not wish to use the heart of any piece of work that would perhaps decrease the market value of the original content, if anything I hope to promote the content so that people can reach out and subsequently increase the market value. • Lastly these videos are to educate people in an entertaining fashion. • Email me at: [email protected] • ................................................................... • Picture credit: • 1) Gram-positive cell wall structure: Alexander, J. A. N., Chatterjee, S. S., Hamilton, S. M., Eltis, L. D., Chambers, H. F., Strynadka, N. C. (2018). Structural and kinetic analyses of penicillin-binding protein 4 (PBP4)-mediated antibiotic resistance in Staphylococcus aureus. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 293(51), 19854-19865. • 2) Gram-negative cell wall structure: https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/pro... • 3) Steps of Peptidoglycan monomer unit synthesis in Cytoplasm of Bacteria: Jarick, M., Bertsche, U., Stahl, M., Schultz, D., Methling, K., Lalk, M., ... Ohlsen, K. (2018). The serine/threonine kinase Stk and the phosphatase Stp regulate cell wall synthesis in Staphylococcus aureus. Scientific reports, 8(1), 1-13. • 4) Gram-positive Cell Wall Biosynthesis: Bacteria_101_cell_walls_gram_staining_common_pathogens [TUSOM | Pharmwiki] • 5) Transpeptidase functuion: https://www.mdpi.com/antibiotics/anti... • 6) Peptidoglycan 3D molecule: http://www.sp.uconn.edu/~terry/images...
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