Valency Radicals and Chemical Bonds Electrovalent and Covalent Bonds

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Valency, Radicals and Chemical Bond - Electrovalent and Covalent Bonds • The valency of an atom is the number of single chemical bonds that it can make (in the case of a covalently bonding substance) or the number of electrical charges that it carries (for an ion). Notice that once again the nature of the substance in question requires that the definitions be adapted appropriately. The concept of valence can be used to find the formula of a compound from the valencies of its constituent elements, or to find the valency of an elements within a compound of known formula. • Every atom within a substance is assigned a valency number that is either positive or negative. The total sum of all of the valencies within a formula unit is zero. • A covalent bond is a shared pair of electrons. When non-metals bond to other non-metals they always do so by sharing electron pairs. The total number of bonds that an atom has is called its valency. • In the water molecule oxygen combines with two hydrogens and so has a valency of 2. • Ionic substances are made up of giant ionic lattices. The simplest formula unit consists of the simplest ratio of oppositely charged ions. The total electrical charge MUST equal zero in a neutral compound. The valency of an ion is the number of electrical charges that it carries. A sodium ion has a single positive charge - it has a valency of +1. An oxide ion (from oxygen) has a charge of two minus, it has a valency of -2. • The same valency rules apply as for the covalent substances. The sum of positives must equal the sum of negatives. • Once the valencies of a few elements are known it becomes a simple matter to construct the formula of unknown compounds using the valency method. Remember that the sum of the valencies of all of the atoms in the compound must equal zero. • Where an atom may have either positive or negative valency, it is negative if it is the more electronegative element in the compound and positive if not.When using valencies to work out the formula of an ion we have to remember the final charge on the ion must equal the sum of the valencies, taking into account whether the valency of each atom is negative or positive. • LEARNING IS FUN • / @learningisfun-od5yu • / @learningisfun-od5yu • • • Part1 Atomic Structure - atom, subato... • • Chemistry -Valency and Symbols of Som... • • Part 3 Separation of Mixtures- Elemen... • • CBSE BOARD 2024 - 2025 X XII Std S... • • Part 2 Mixtures, types and classifica... • • Part 1 -Elements Compounds and Mixtur... • • Chapter 2 Physical and Chemical Chang... • • Chapter 1-Matter - Class 8 ICSE • • Chemistry -Valency and Symbols of Som... • • History and Civics Class 8 ICSE CHAP... • • ICSE Class 8 History and Civics Chap... • • BATTLE OF PLASSEY 1757 • • CTET DECEMBER 2024 NOTIFICATION • • PART 2 ENDOCRINE SYSTEM- different ty... • • PART1 Endocrine glands and Hormones D... • • Part 3 Separation of Mixtures- Elemen... • • CBSE BOARD 2024 - 2025 X XII Std S... • • Part 2 Mixtures, types and classifica... • • Part 2 Cathode Rays and Discovery of ... • • Percentage # trending #maths fun # ic... • • • Part 3 - Discovery of Protons, Nucleu... • • Venn Diagrams #trending #shorts #yt... • • Part 3 - Discovery of Protons, Nucleu... • • Part 4 Atomic Models - Plum Pudding M... • • Part 1 Human Circulatory System- Anat... • • Part 3 - ABO Blood Group System #biol... • • PARTS OF A CIRCLE #Maths #math #mathe... • • Part 2 -Blood circulation,Double circ... • • Part 1 Human Circulatory System- Anat...

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