Charophytes Wikipedia audio article

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This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article: • Charophytes • • Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written • language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago. • • Learning by listening is a great way to: • increases imagination and understanding • improves your listening skills • improves your own spoken accent • learn while on the move • reduce eye strain • • Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through • audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio • while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using • a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone. • • • You can find other Wikipedia audio articles too at: • / @wikipediatts983 • • In case you don't find one that you were looking for, put a comment. • This video uses Google TTS en-US-Standard-D voice. • • • • SUMMARY • ======= • Charophyta is a group of freshwater green algae, sometimes treated as a division, but also as a superdivision, or an unranked clade. The terrestrial plants, the Embryophyta emerged within Charophyta, possibly with the class Zygnematophyceae as a sister group. The Embryophyta most likely originated from terrestrial unicellular charophytes. With the cladistic inclusion of the Embryophyta, the Charophyta is synonymous with the Streptophyta. The sister group of the Charophytes are the Chlorophyta. In some charophyte groups, such as the Zygnematophyceae or conjugating green algae, flagella are absent and sexual reproduction does not involve free-swimming flagellate sperm. Flagellate sperm, however, are found in stoneworts (Charales) and Coleochaetales, orders of parenchymatous charophytes that are the closest relatives of the land plants, where flagellate sperm are also present in all except the conifers and flowering plants. Fossil stoneworts of Devonian age that are similar to those of the present day have been described from the Rhynie chert of Scotland.

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