Codex Borgia













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The Codex Borgia or Codex Yoalli EhΔ“catl is a Mesoamerican ritual and divinatory manuscript. It is generally believed to have been written before the Spanish conquest of Mexico, sometime during what is now today southern or western Puebla. The Codex Borgia is a member of, and gives its name to, the Borgia Group of manuscripts. • The codex is made of animal skins folded into 39 sheets. Each sheet is a square 27 cm by 27 cm (11x11 inches), for a total length of nearly 11 meters (35 feet). All but the end sheets are painted on both sides, providing 76 pages. The codex is read from right to left. Pages 29-46 is oriented perpendicular to the rest of the codex. The top of this section is the right side of page 29, and the scenes are read from top to bottom. So the reader must rotate the manuscript 90 degrees in order to view the codex correctly. The Codex Borgia is organized into a screen-fold. Single sheets of the hide are attached as a long strip and then folded back and forth. Images were painted on both sides and painted over with a white gesso. Stiffened leather are used as end pieces by gluing the first and last strips in order to create a cover. The edges of the pages are overlapped and glued together, making the sheet edges hardly visible under the white gesso finish. The gesso creates a stiff, smooth, white finished surface that preserves the images below. • The Codex Borgia features eigthteen pages of an astronomical narrative that shows the yearlong alteration of the rainy and dry season. • The Codex Borgia is named after the Italian Cardinal Stefano Borgia, who owned it before it was acquired by the Vatican Library. • O Códice Borgia ou Codex Borgianus Mexicanus 1 é um manuscrito mexicano escrito provavelmente antes da conquista espanhola, possivelmente produzido na região de Puebla. Faz parte do Grupo Borgia de manuscritos, ao qual deu o nome. • O Codex Borgia é feito de pele animal e dobrado em 39 folhas, cada uma com 27 x 27 cm, com um total de quase onze metros de comprimento. Todas, salvo a última folha, são pintadas em ambos os lados, ilustrando um conteúdo divinatório e ritual. Foi levado da América para a Europa no início do período colonial e descoberto por Alexander von Humboldt em 1805 entre o espólio do cardeal Stefano Borgia, a partir de quem o códice levou seu nome. Hoje está preservado na Biblioteca Vaticana. • КодСкс Π‘ΠΎΡ€Π΄ΠΆΠΈΠ° (Π»Π°Ρ‚. Codex Borgianus) — мСсоамСриканский Ρ€Π΅Π»ΠΈΠ³ΠΈΠΎΠ·Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ ΠΈ пророчСский манускрипт. ΠŸΡ€ΠΈΠ½ΡΡ‚ΠΎ ΡΡ‡ΠΈΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ этот Π°Ρ€Ρ‚Π΅Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚ создан Π΄ΠΎ завоСвания МСксики конкистадорами Π² Ρ€Π°ΠΉΠΎΠ½Π΅ юТной ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π·Π°ΠΏΠ°Π΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ части соврСмСнного мСксиканского ΡˆΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Π° ΠŸΡƒΡΠ±Π»Π°. КодСкс отличаСтся рисунками, Π²Ρ‹ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ Π² стилС, Ρ…Π°Ρ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π½ΠΎΠΌ для ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π΄Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎ постклассичСского ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΎΠ΄Π° Π¦Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ МСксики. • КодСкс Π‘ΠΎΡ€Π΄ΠΆΠΈΠ° являСтся Ρ‡Π°ΡΡ‚ΡŒΡŽ ΠΈ самой Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠ½ΠΈΠ³ΠΎΠΉ Π“Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΡ‹ манускриптов Π‘ΠΎΡ€Π΄ΠΆΠΈΠ°, — Π² Ρ‡Π΅ΡΡ‚ΡŒ КодСкса БордТия Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΠ° ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡ΠΈΠ»Π° своё имя. • КодСкс состоит ΠΈΠ· 39 листов, сдСланных ΠΈΠ· ΡˆΠΊΡƒΡ€ ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡ‚Π½Ρ‹Ρ…. ΠšΠ°ΠΆΠ΄Ρ‹ΠΉ лист прСдставляСт собой ΠΊΠ²Π°Π΄Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ 27 см Π½Π° 27 см, общая Π΄Π»ΠΈΠ½Π° листов составляСт ΠΏΠΎΡ‡Ρ‚ΠΈ 11 ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ². ΠŸΠΎΡ‡Ρ‚ΠΈ всС листы ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡ€Ρ‹Ρ‚Ρ‹ рисунками с ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΠΈΡ… сторон, — всСго 76 страниц. КодСкс читаСтся справа Π½Π°Π»Π΅Π²ΠΎ. • КодСкс Π‘ΠΎΡ€Π΄ΠΆΠΈΠ° Π½Π°Π·Π²Π°Π½ Π² Ρ‡Π΅ΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΈΡ‚Π°Π»ΡŒΡΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠ°Ρ€Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°Π»Π° Π‘Ρ‚Π΅Ρ„Π°Π½ΠΎ Π‘ΠΎΡ€Π΄ΠΆΠΈΠ°, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹ΠΉ Π²Π»Π°Π΄Π΅Π» кодСксом Π΄ΠΎ Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΎΠ½ Π±Ρ‹Π» ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π΅Ρ‚Ρ‘Π½ Π±ΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΎΡ‚Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π’Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π½Π°. • • This is my Patreon Account if you like to support me   / fredericocustodio  

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