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How the morning after pill works
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How morning after pill works? – 3D animation • Mode of action of emergency contraception www.escapelle.com www.postinorpill.com • REFERENCES: • Croxatto HB, et al. Pituitary-ovarian function following the standard levonorgestrel emergency contraceptive dose or a single 0.75 mg dose given on the days preceding ovulation. Contraception 2004; 70(6):442–450. • De Santis M, et al. Failure of the emergency contraceptive levonorgestrel and the risk of adverse effects in pregnancy and on fetal development: an observational cohort study. Fertil Steril 2005; 84:296 –299. • Durand M, et al. On the mechanisms of action of short-term levonorgestrel administration in emergency contraception. Contraception 2001; 64(4):227–234. • Hapangama D, et al. The effects of peri-ovulatory administration of levonorgestrel on the menstrual cycle. Contraception 2001; 63:123-129. • ICEC: Emergency contraception and medical abortion. February 2013 • http://www.cecinfo.org/custom-content... (accessed in August 2017) • ICEC and FIGO. How do levonorgestrel-only emergency contraceptive pills (LNG ECPs) prevent pregnancy? (Statement on Mechanism of Action). March 2012 • http://www.cecinfo.org/custom-content... (accessed in August 2017) • Lalitkumar PGL, et al. Mifepristone, but not levonorgestrel, inhibits human blastocyst attachment to an in vitro endometrial three-dimensional cell culture model. Human Reproduction 2007; 1-7. • Marions L, et al. Emergency contraception with mifepristone and levonorgestrel: mechanism of action. Obstet Gynecol 2002; 100:65–71. • Marions L, et al. Effect of emergency contraception with levonorgestrel or mifepristone on ovarian function. Contraception 2004; 69(5):373-377. • Meng CX, et al. Effect of levonorgestrel and mifepristone on endometrial receptivity markers in a three-dimensional human endometrial cell culture model. Fertility and Sterility 2009; 91(1):256-264. • Meng CX, et al. Effects of oral and vaginal administration of levonorgestrel emergency contraception on markers of endometrial receptivity. Hum Reprod 2010; 25(4):874-883. • Müller LA, et al. Postcoital treatment with levonorgestrel does not disrupt postfertilization events in the rat. Contraception 2003; 67:415–419. • Novikova N, et al. Effectiveness of levonorgestrel emergency contraception given before or after ovulation-a pilot study. Contraception 2007; 75(2):112-118. • Okewole IA, et al. Effect of single administration of levonorgestrel on the menstrual cycle Contraception 2007; 75(5):372-377. • Ortiz ME, et al. Post-coital administration of levonorgestrel does not interfere with post-fertilization events in the new world monkey Cebus apella. Hum Reprod 2004; 19(6):1352–1356. • Palomino WA, et al. A single midcycle dose of levonorgestrel similar to emergency contraceptive does not alter the expression of the L-selectin ligand or molecular markers of endometrial receptivity Fertil Steril 2010; 94(5):n1589-94. • Pitkin J, et al. Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 2003, Elsevier Science Limited. • Planned Parenthood Federation of America (PPFA). The difference between the Morning-After Pill and the Abortion Pill • https://www.plannedparenthood.org/fil... (accessed in August 2017) • Senanayake P, et al. Atlas of Contraception. Second Edition, 2008, Informa UK Ltd. • Tirelli A, et al. Levonorgestrel administration in emergency contraception: bleeding pattern and pituitary-ovarian function Contraception 2008; 77(5):328-332. • Vargas MF, et al. Effect of single post-ovulatory administration of levonorgestrel on gene expression profile during the receptive period of the human endometrium. J Mol Endocrinol 2012; 48(1):25-36. • Wilcox AJ, et al. The timing of the fertile window in the menstrual cycle: day specific estimates from a prospective study. BMJ 2000; 321: 1259–1262. • Wilcox AJ, et al. Timing of sexual intercourse in relation to ovulation N Engl J Med 1995; 333:1517–1521. • WHO: Fact Sheet on Emergency contraception, June 2017 • http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsh... (accessed in August 2017) • Zhang L, et al. Pregnancy outcome after levonorgestrel-only emergency contraception failure: a prospective cohort study. Human Reproduction 2009; 24(7):1605-1611.
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