youtor.org
Ground Loop
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A ground loop in a system which connects circuits designed to be at the same potential but which are actually at different potentials can be hazardous, or cause problems with the electrical system, because the electrical potential and soil resistance at different points on the surface of the earth can vary. • In a floating ground system, that is, one not connected to earth, the voltages will probably be unstable, and if some of the conductors that constitute the return circuit to the source have a relatively high resistance, or have high currents through them that produce a significant voltage (I·R) drop, they can be hazardous. • • • Ground loops are a mystery to many people. Ground loops are the most common cause of AC line frequency hum in sound systems. A ground loop in the power or video signal occurs when some components in the same system are receiving their power from a different power source from other components. This may cause your system to have different ground potentials. This becomes a problem because amplifiers and mixers need an electrical earth connection to their chassis to provide screening against interference. Audio input leads are screened against interference and the screen inevitably connects to the same earthing point in the amplifier / mixer. Audio signal (from a guitar for example) is a variable voltage relative to earth. When the earth potentials of two or more pieces of equipment are different, the relative signal is less stable, screening is compromised and interference manifests itself as hum. • Ground loop is a common problem when connecting multiple audio equipment together. Considering the quantity of equipment used on a typical stage it is surprising that ground loops are not more common. Ground loops commonly cause a humming noise to audio signals and interference bars to picture. Ground loop makes the system sensitive to pick up interference from mains wiring which can lead to erratic operation of the equipment or even damage to the equipment. Audio-frequency ground loop problems are typically in the low millivolt range, but there does not have to be much interference in a grounding system to cause problems in your audio system because of the hugh amount of amplification applied to microphone and instrument sources. • Remember that there is no absolute ground. There is a certain amount of resistance to electrical current between all grounding points. This resistance can change with humidity, temperature, connected equipment and many other variables. No matter how small, the resistance can always allow an electrical voltage to exist across it. The ground wires between wall sockets and power company transformers are not perfect conductors and neither is the shield of your signal cable. If they were, ground loops would not be a problem. Certain types of cable screening can give better results because they cover the inner signal cores completely eg foil screening in multicores and braid screening on good quality XLR microphone leads. • http://www.gbaudio.co.uk/data/ground.htm • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ground_l...) • • Ground Loop Isolator • http://www.radioshack.com/product/ind... • • More info • • Ground Loops • • https://twitter.com/#!/RAYGproductions • https://plus.google.com/u/0/106221884...
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