Somali Music Allahayow maxa iga qabsaday Song by ☆Farxiya Fiska☆

>> YOUR LINK HERE: ___ http://youtube.com/watch?v=NrmQbzsyMZY

This video is part 2 of Acquired immunity - Antibodies • Content • 0:00 Introduction • 0:06 Where do Antibodies Come From? • 5:31 Components of an Antibody • 7:32 Domains • 8:37 IgG • 9:50 IgM • 11:53 IgA • 13:39 IgD • 14:22 IgE • 15:17 Differences Between Antibodies • 15:56 Table to Memorize • ------------------------------- • 🫀 Join: / @taimtalksmed • 📷 Follow my IG: / taimtalksmed • 💝 Donation link: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/taimtalk... • ------------------------------- • -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- • All information in my immunology videos are from: • Book: Immunology, Eighth Edition by David Male, Jonathan Brostoff, David Roth and Ivan Roitt • Additional research in PubMed • University lecture materials • -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- • Antibodies: Plasma proteins • Where they come from: • 1. B-cell (with BCR - IgG/D) bind to antigen • 2. Present it on MHC II • 3. APC activates a naive Th cell through TCR (CD4 and CD3), B7/CD28 and IL-4 receptor • 4. Naive T helper cell secretes IL2 (autocrine) • 5. Becomes an active Th2 • 6. Th2 helps active B-cell through CD40L/CD40 and T cell receptor. • 7. IL-4, IL-5, IL-8, IL-10, IL-2, IFN gamma released depending on what type of antibody is needed. • Components of an Antibody: • Has: • Light Chain • Heavy Chain • Variable Part • Constant • Becomes: • VL, Vh, CL, Ch1, Ch2, Ch3 • CL-Ch1 Connected through disulfide bonds • two parts of antibody connected through a Hinge which give the antibody motility • divided into Fab (fragment antigen binding) and Fc (Fragment crystalizable region) • Antibody Domains: • Variable region - Antigen binding sites • Ch1 region - Determine Allotype • Ch2 region - Binds Complement • Ch3 region - Binds Cells • Variants of chains: • Light Chain: • Lambda Chain • Kappa Chain • Heavy Chain: • Gamma Chain (IgG) • My Chain (IgM) • Alpha Chain (IgA) • Delta Chain (IgD) • Epsilon Chain (IgE) • Functions of IgG: • Exists as: Monomeric (plus subtypes) • Amount in Plasma: 75% • IgG is only antibody that pass through placenta. so we get igG from mothers. • Direct Opsonization • Activate Complement System • IgG responsible for the secondary response in humoral immune response because memory B-cells are made to produce IgG • Functions of IgM: • Pentameric (with a J-Chain) and Monomeric on B-cells • ''Youngest Class'' since a fetus can produce them. • IgM reacts as the primary response, but no memory as they are produced by T-cell independent B cell proliferation • Complement activation • Functions of IgA: • Dimeric (J-chain), Monomeric and Trimeric • Found at mucosal entry • Alpha plasma cells secretes IgA. IgA binds to epithelium through poly IgA receptors and transported through cytoplasm through endocytosis and sent out through proteolytic cleavage • Many microorganisms can cleave IgA • Functions of IgD: • Under 1% in blood • Localized on surface of B-cells • Monomeric • Functions of IgE: • Very low amount in blood • Monomeric • Mast Cell • Responsible for Type 1 hypersensitivity. Made after sensitization. • Increase amount of IgE during allergic diseases and parasite infections. • Differences between Immunoglobulins: • Idiotypic differences: Differ in variable region • Isotypic Differences: Antibodies differ in constant region • Allotypic Differences: Difference between alleles of same constant gene

#############################

New on site