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✔ https://HomeworkClinic.com • ✔ https://Videos.HomeworkClinic.com • ✔ Ask questions here: https://HomeworkClinic.com/Ask • Follow us: • ▶ Facebook: / homeworkclinic • ▶ Review Us: https://trustpilot.com/review/homewor... • • Bulk flow helps regulate the relative volumes of blood and interstitial fluid. • Flow from blood to interstitium is called filtration. • ■ Flow from interstitium to blood is called reabsorption. • ■ Four factors determine the net direction of capillary exchange. • ■ These factors include: • • Blood hydrostatic pressure (BHP), which pushes fluid out of the capillary and promotes filtration. • • Blood colloid osmotic pressure (BCOP), which acts as if it pulls fluid into the capillary and promotes reabsorption. • • Interstitial fluid osmotic pressure (IFOP), which is the slight pull of fluids towards the interstitium promoting filtration. • • Interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure (IFHP), which is near zero under normal conditions. • Net filtration pressure and lymph formation • • The net filtration pressure (NFP) is the force promoting filtration minus the force promoting reabsorption. • ■ At the arterial end of an ideal capillary, the filtration pressures are stronger. The result: net filtration. • ■ At the venous end of an ideal capillary, the reabsorption pressures are stronger. The result: net reabsorption. • ■ About 90% of the fluid that is filtered at the arterial end is reabsorbed at the venous end. • ■ The remaining fluid drains into lymphatic capillaries to form lymph. • Edema • ■ An abnormal buildup of interstitial fluid results in swelling known as edema. • • Major causes of edema include: • • Increased capillary hydrostatic pressure • • Increased capillary permeability • • Decreased blood colloidal osmotic pressure • • Blockage of lymphatic drainage • Blood velocity • ■ Blood velocity is inversely related to total cross-sectional area; the greater the area, the slower the velocity. • • Capillaries have a higher total cross-sectional area; therefore blood flows more slowly. • ■ Slower blood flow allows greater time for exchange of materials. ■ Arteries and veins have lower total cross-sectional areas; blood flows more quickly. • • Blood velocity slows as blood travels away from heart, increases as it returns to heart.
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