CONCEPTO DE VALENCIA según IUPAC Formulación INORGANICA

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En este vídeo vamos a explicar el concepto de valencia de un elemento químico. • Valencia de un elemento es un valor real, sin signo, que representa los electrones externos que están implicados en el enlace con otros átomos, y coincide con el número de electrones que un determinado átomo necesita ganar o perder para completar su capa más externa. Al igual que estados de oxidación, un átomo puede presentar varias valencias. • Valencia de un elemento es el número de electrones que le faltan o debe ceder ese elemento químico para completar su último nivel de energía, lo cual es útil para saber la cantidad de enlaces que ese átomo es capaz de formar. • Por ejemplo, en la molécula de agua, el hidrógeno actúa con valencia 1, por lo que formará un enlace simple. Por el contrario el oxígeno, presenta valencia 2 porque le faltan dos electrones para completar la última capa, y podría formar tanto un enlace doble como dos simples. En realidad se da el último caso, dos enlaces simples O-H. • Existen elementos que poseen una valencia: los de valencia 1 son monovalentes, los de valencia 2, son divalentes, los de 3 trivalentes y así sucesivamente. 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