Swing Equation

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When a Fault occurs, Load Angle increases. When a Fault is cleared, Load Angle decreases. However, due to Inertia, it swings further. It makes a few more Swings before settling at Steady State. • The equation describing Swing of Rotor is called Swing Equation. • Swing is also called Oscillation or Hunting. • Swing Equation is derived using Accelerating Torque = J Alpha, where J is Moment of Inertia and Alpha is Angular Acceleration. We get Accelerating Torque = J d Omega R/dt. Multiplying both sides by Omega R, we get Swing Equation i.e. Pacc = M d square Delta / dt square. Where Accelerating Power = Mechanical Input Power - Electrical Output Power and M is Angular Momentum. • Using Swing Equation, Equal Area Criteria is derived and thus finding Critical Clearing 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