Lithiumion Battery Technology Fully Explained

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Lithium-ion Battery Technology fully explained in this video. The video starts with Li-ion battery history and covers topics like lithium mining, lithium battery working, lithium ion battery applications, why the lithium-ion battery is widely used. • How electric vehicle batteries are lithium ion. • Why lithium-ion Batteries are Widely Used? • Li-ion is a low-maintenance battery, an advantage many other chemistries cannot claim. • Li-ion batteries having high energy density. Which means these batteries can store • a large amount of energy in the given mass. • Self-discharge is less than half compared to nickel-based systems. • Li-ion batteries • Their life span is three years or 300 to 500 charge cycles • The Lithium-Ion battery packs are recyclable. • When the lifespan of the batteries is over for the electric car, they tend to have a secondary life. • They can be used to power a home as an inverter. • How does lithium ion battery work? • Any battery is made of cells, the cell contains three major components • negative electrode , positive electrode and an electorlyte in between them. • Lithium-ion battery contains positively charged electrode called as cathode, negatively charged electrode called as anode and a chemical called an electrolyte in between them, the electrolyte • serves as a catalyst to make a battery conductive by promoting the movement of ions from the • cathode to the anode on charge and in reverse on discharge • The cathode is a mixture of Lithium ion and other metals like cobalt, nickel and the anode is made of graphite. • During charging, Lithium ions flow through electrolyte from positive termial to negative terminal. • When the battery is fully charged, electrons and ions combine at the negative electrode and deposit lithium there. • • During Discharging complete reverse process will occur. • Electrons flow from the negative electrode to the positive electrode through the outer circuit • lithium is deposited there. • We called it a lithium-ion battery because of the Lithium-ion mobility inside • the battery, charging and discharging happens. • Where can we find lithium? • The top producers of lithium are Australia, Chile, Argentina,China • Zimbabwe, Portugal, Brazil, United States • Western Australia accounts for around half of global lithium production. • Here is the list of lithium mining done in the years 2016 ,2017 and 2018 • However, Argentina and Bolivia have so far identified more than 9 million tonnes each in lithium resources • Because of the highest lithium reserves in South America, the regions of highest lithium potential are often referred to as the “lithium triangle”. • How Lithium is Mined? • Lithium can be mined in two ways. • One is mining from hard rock ores and the other way is from Brines. • To produce lithium from ore, the ore is typically crushed. • Then chemicals and high temperatures are used to separate the lithium from the rest of the rock. • In brines, mixture of naturally occurred lithium and other metals is put in large ponds to evaporate excess water and separate the other salts for many months. • Major graphite producing countries • • China 1,800,000 • India 134,568 • Brazil 75,100 • India is the second largest Graphite producer in the world. • Graphite is used as the Anode in the Lithium ion battery. • Cobalt reserves in the world. • Mined results • Congo 83,529 • New Caledonia 11,210 • China 9,600 • • Nickel reserves in the world. • Philippines • Russia • Canada • Different lithium-ion batteries and their applications • Lithium Cobalt Oxide(LiCoO2) • Used in Mobile phones, tablets, laptops, cameras • Lithium Manganese Oxide (LiMn2O4) • Used in Power tools, medical devices, electric powertrains • Lithium Nickel Manganese Cobalt Oxide (LiNiMnCoO2 or NMC) • Used in E-bikes, medical devices, EVs, industrial • Lithium Nickel Cobalt Aluminum Oxide (LiNiCoAlO2) • Used in Medical devices, industrial, electric powertrain (Tesla) • Cost of lithium-ion batteries. • The average price of a lithium-ion battery in the US is $200-500. • The average price of a lithium-ion battery in India is 20,000. • India importing 90% of lithium-ion batteries from China. • So, in which applications Lithium-ion batteries are widely used? • Don't think lithium-ion batteries are only used in mobile phone • batteries and electronic gadgets. Because of lithium-ion batteries • are being used in medical devices, electric vehicles, toys, defense • equipment, health care devices, cordless power tools, • data collection machines, telecommunications equipment, cell tower power back-up, data-centers, solar street lights, biometric • devices, etc • • #lithium-ion • #lithiumionbattery • #batterytechnology

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