Youtor
File Processing
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File Processing in C++: • File processing in C++ involves reading from and writing to files. C++ provides the fstream library, which includes classes like ifstream (for reading from files), ofstream (for writing to files), and fstream (for both reading and writing). • Reading from a File (ifstream): • cpp • Copy code • #include iostream • #include fstream • int main() { • std::ifstream inputFile( example.txt ); • // Check if the file is open • if (!inputFile.is_open()) { • std::cerr Error opening file. std::endl; • return 1; • } • // Read from the file • std::string line; • while (std::getline(inputFile, line)) { • std::cout line std::endl; • } • // Close the file • inputFile.close(); • return 0; • } • In this example, the ifstream class is used to open the file example.txt for reading. The getline function is then used to read each line from the file. • Writing to a File (ofstream): • cpp • Copy code • #include iostream • #include fstream • int main() { • std::ofstream outputFile( output.txt ); • // Check if the file is open • if (!outputFile.is_open()) { • std::cerr Error opening file. std::endl; • return 1; • } • // Write to the file • outputFile Hello, File! std::endl; • outputFile This is a new line. std::endl; • // Close the file • outputFile.close(); • return 0; • } • Here, the ofstream class is used to open the file output.txt for writing. The operator is used to write data to the file. • Reading and Writing Simultaneously (fstream): • cpp • Copy code • #include iostream • #include fstream • int main() { • std::fstream file( data.txt , std::ios::in | std::ios::out | std::ios::app); • // Check if the file is open • if (!file.is_open()) { • std::cerr Error opening file. std::endl; • return 1; • } • // Read from the file • std::string line; • while (std::getline(file, line)) { • std::cout line std::endl; • } • // Write to the file • file New data appended. std::endl; • // Close the file • file.close(); • return 0; • } • The fstream class is used when both reading and writing to the file are required. The ios::in flag indicates input (read), the ios::out flag indicates output (write), and the ios::app flag indicates appending. • These are basic examples, and C++ provides various functions and tools for more advanced file processing, such as seeking to specific positions, checking for the end of a file, and binary file handling. Additionally, error handling and file existence checks are crucial in production code to handle potential issues with file operations.
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