Myrobalan Phyllanthus emblica

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#Dlium Kemloko or myrobalan (Phyllanthus emblica) is a plant species in the Phyllanthaceae, a small to medium sized tree, 1-8 meters high, branches not bare or finely pubescent, 10-20 cm long, growing in lowlands which are dry and fire resistant. • The leaves are simple, subsessile and densely arranged along the branches, bright green and pinnate. Flowers are greenish yellow. The fruit is almost round, yellow-green, rather smooth, hard, six vertical lines, up to 26 mm in diameter and 5-56 grams in weight. Fibrous fruit, has a sour, bitter and astringent taste. • The fruit contains high amounts of ascorbic acid (vitamin C) and has a bitter taste which may come from the high density of ellagitannins such as emblicanin A (37%), emblicanin B (33%), punigluconin (12%) and pedunculagin (14%). The fruit also contains punicafolin and phyllanemblinin A, phyllanemblinin other polyphenols such as flavonoids, kaempferol, ellagic acid and gallic acid. • Stem, roots, leaves, flowers, fruits and seeds are used in traditional medicine and are an important ingredient in Ayurvedic medicine. The fruit is cooked with sugar water to be processed as candied fruit. Fruit extracts are used as traditional coloring agents. • The Malacca tree is one of the sacred trees according to Hinduism. Originally from India and Nepal, in the past the Malacca tree was widely planted in Java, and now some of it is found in dry lowland forests. This tree is fire resistant. • Kingdom: Plantae • Phylum: Tracheophyta • Subphylum: Angiospermae • Class: Magnoliopsida • Order: Malpighiales • Family: Phyllanthaceae • Subfamily: Phyllanthoideae • Tribe: Phyllantheae • Genus: Phyllanthus • Species: Phyllanthus emblica • Publications : • Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. Strong, M.T. (2012). Catalogue of seed plants of the West Indies. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 98: 1-1192. • Baksh-Comeau, Y., Maharaj, S.S., Adams, C.D., Harris, S.A., Filer, D.L. Hawthorne, W.D. (2016). An annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Trinidad and Tobago with analysis of vegetation types and botanical 'hotspots'. Phytotaxa 250: 1-431. • Balakrishnan, N.P. Chakrabarty, T. (2007). The family Euphorbiaceae in India. A synopsis of its profile, taxonomy and bibliography: 1-500. Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Dehra Dun. • Balkrishna, A. (2018). Flora of Morni Hills (Research Possibilities): 1-581. Divya Yoga Mandir Trust. • Chakrabarty, T. Balakrishnan, N.P. (2018). Indo-Burmese Phyllanthaceae: A Taxonomic Revision: 1-437. Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Dehra Dun. • Girmansyah, D. al. (eds.) (2013). Flora of Bali an annotated checklist: 1-158. Herbarium Bogorensis, Indonesia. • Govaerts, R., Frodin, D.G. Radcliffe-Smith, A. (2000). World Checklist and Bibliography of Euphorbiaceae (and Pandaceae) 1-4: 1-1622. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. • Pasha, M.K., Chakrabarthy, T. Balakrishnan, N.P. (2013). A taxonomic revision of Phyllanthus L. (Euphorbiaceae) in Bangladesh. Journal of Economic and Taxonomic Botany 37: 291-304. • Smith, A.C. (1981). Flora Vitiensis Nova. A new flora for Fiji (Spermatophytes only) 2: 1-810. Pacific Tropical Botanical Garden, Lawai. • Wu, Z.Y., Raven, P.H. Hong, D.Y. (eds.) (2008). Flora of China 11: 1-622. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis. • van Welzen, P.C. Chayamarit, K. (2007). Flora of Thailand 8(2): 305-592. The Forest Herbarium, National Park, Wildlife and Plant Conservation Department, Bangkok. • Aceh: Rheum • Arabic: ميروبالان • Bali: Amla • Betawi: Kemlaké, melaké • Catalan: Amla • Chinese (Simplified): 余甘子 • Chinese (Traditional): 餘甘子 (油甘子) • Danish: grå myrobalan • English: Emblic Leaf-flowered, Indian Gooseberry, Myrobalan, Emblic, Emblic myrobalan, Indian gooseberry, Malacca tree, Amla • Flores: Karsinta • Hebrew: מירובלן • Hindi: Anjan • Hong Kong: 餘甘子 - 油甘子 • Indonesian: Kemloko, Malaka • Japanese: アンマロク • Javanese: Kemlåkå, Kemloko, mlåkå • Korean: 미로발란 • Madura: Mlakah • Malay: Melaka, malaka • Minangkabau: Balaka, balangka • Sanskrit: आमलकी • Sinhala: නෙල්ලි • Taiwan: 餘甘子 - 油甘子 • Thai: มะขามป้อม • Turkish: fillantus • Other terms: mamla, amlaki, ammalaki, amala, nillika, nellikya, nellikai • Learn more: https://www.dlium.com/2023/03/myrobal... • Location: Baturetno, Wonogiri Regency, Central Java Province, Indonesia. • Aryo Bandoro • Dlium TheDlium • Web: https://www.dlium.com

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