Gruinard Island Anthrax Biological Warfare Experiment Great Britain 1942

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During World War II, the British started their biological weapons program to counter suspected Japanese and German biological threats. The program's research focused on the viability and range of spread of anthrax spores when delivered with a conventional bomb. Testing was conducted on Gruinard Island, off the coast of Scotland. The program ceased when an anthrax outbreak occurred in a coastal town near the island. The island proved surprisingly difficult to decontaminate, the anthrax spores remained viable in the soil for over 36 years. Initially, the British attempted to burn the soil and vegetation, but soil samples still showed viable spores. In 1986, the government hired a contractor to decontaminate the island. The process consisted of saturating the soil with 280 tons of formaldehyde diluted in seawater and removing tons of topsoil; this was followed by a final formaldehyde wash. In July of 1989, the British government lifted travel restrictions and declared the island safe. For more information on the Gruinard Island anthrax experiment, go to http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gruinard... . This is clipped from the 2000 video Biological Warfare and Terrorism: The Military and Public Health Response produced by the Department of the Army and the Food and Drug Administration. The entire video has been digitized by the nonprofit Public.Resource.Org (http://public.resource.org/index.html ) in a cooperative agreement with the National Technical Information (http://public.resource.org/ntis.gov/i... ) and is available at the Internet Archive at www.archive.com .

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