Digital Cameras

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In this video from ITFreeTraining I will be looking at Digital Cameras. Digital Cameras have become so common that they are being integrated into so many new gadgets on the market. This video will look at physical digital cameras, however, it will also give you an idea of what to look for in an integrated camera such as the one found in a mobile device. • Download PowerPoint: https://itfreetraining.com/handouts/a... • Camera Sensor • To understand what to look for in a digital camera, the first thing that I will look at is the camera sensor. The camera sensor is what converts light into digital data. The sensor itself, is a chip that is installed in the camera. • The sensor itself is divided up into an array of essentially tiny capacitors. When the light hits these capacitors, energy is collected. The amount of energy collected over a period of time is measured. This essentially is the first step of converting light into digital data, collecting it and measuring it. • To understand this better, consider that you have a measuring cup. If it starts raining, the measuring cup starts filling up with water. At periodic intervals we measure how much water is in the measuring cup and tip out the contents. The process then repeats again. • The same is true for our camera sensor. The tiny capacitors fill up with energy. The amount of energy will depend on how much light hits the sensor. At periodic times, the amount of energy is measured and this is converted into digital data. • You can start to understand how important the sensor is. A good quality sensor will be able to give better readings and thus produce better results. Let’s have a look at the two main sensors commonly sold on the market. • CCD vs CMOS • The two common camera sensors on the market are CCD and CMOS. The way the sensors work internally is different. Thus, by looking at the two side by side you won’t be able to tell the difference between them. • CCD works by having light charge tiny capacitors on the sensor. By contrast, CMOS works by what is called a field-effect transistor. Essentially energy is captured in an insulated cell which can be later drained to work out how much energy was captured. • CCD sensors were the first sensors to be developed and have been in use since the 80’s. CMOS sensors were developed in the 90’s. In 2007, CMOS sensors sales surpassed CCD sensors. CCD sensors require more power to operate than CMOS sensors. With the introduction of cameras in devices like mobile phones and tablets, you can understand why CMOS sensors have become popular due to them requiring less power to operate. • Description too long for YouTube. Please see the following link for the rest of the description. https://itfreetraining.com/ap/2c80 • References • “The Official CompTIA A+ Core Study Guide (Exam 220-1001)” Chapter 5 Paragraph 239 - 255 • “CompTIA A+ Certification exam guide. Tenth edition” Pages 415-417 • “CMOS” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image_s... • “Rolling shutter” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rolling... • “JPEG” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JPEG • “Portable Network Graphics” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portabl... • “Picture: CCD sensor” https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedi... • “Picture: Image sensor” https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi... • “Picture: Rolling shutter effect” https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi... • “Picture: Rolling shutter helicopter” https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi... • “Picture: Megapixels chart” https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi... • “Picture: SLR cross section” https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi... • “Picture: Jpeg cat” https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi... • “Picture: Dice picture” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:PN... • “Picture: Banana vendor” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raw_ima... • Credits • Trainer: Austin Mason http://ITFreeTraining.com • Voice Talent: Tomislav Krevzelj • Quality Assurance: Brett Batson http://www.pbb-proofreading.uk

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