Metaplasia Cell Adaptations 33 General Pathology EOMS

>> YOUR LINK HERE: ___ http://youtube.com/watch?v=VTFFuHK2HXc

A series of video tutorials discussing the pathology of cell injury and adaptations. • In this tutorial , i have discussed Hypertrophy, Hyperplasia and Metaplasia. • ***Follow me**** • http://ilovepathology.com/ • Twitter : / vijaypatho • / ilovepathology2 • Facebook: / ilovepathology • • HYPERTROPHY • Increase in the SIZE of the parenchymal cells • increase in the size of the organ • Cause : • Increased functional demand or • Stimulation by hormones and growth factors • Mechanisms : • Increased production of cellular proteins. • Due to the increased activation of genes responsible for the production of these proteins • sometimes a subcellular organelle may undergo selective hypertrophy • Eg: patients on barbiturates show hypertrophy of the smooth endoplamic reticulum (ER) in hepatocytes. • HYPERPLASIA • Increase in the NUMBER of cells in an organ • It takes place if the cell population is capable of dividing • Mechanism : • Results from growth factor induced proliferation of mature cells or • Increased output of new cells from stem cells. • METAPLASIA • It is a reversible change • in which one differentiated cell type (epithelial or mesenchymal) is replaced by another cell type • Mechanism • Due to REPROGRAMMING of the precursor cells, present in the normal tissues. • Differentiation into a new cell lineage • By signals generated by various cytokines, growth factors, and extracellular matrix components in the cells' environment. • ~-~~-~~~-~~-~ • Please watch: WARBURG EFFECT: Hallmark of CANCER. What, Why How? • • NEOPLASIA 6: WARBURG EFFECT: Hallmark... • ~-~~-~~~-~~-~

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