Youtor
Protein Synthesis 101 3D Animation
>> YOUR LINK HERE: ___ http://youtube.com/watch?v=WE8qHiOJVf4
Protein Synthesis • 𝗖𝗼𝗿𝗿𝗲𝗰𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻: • All Thymine molecules in the RNA strands should've been Urasil (U), sorry for the mistake. • 𝗜𝗻𝗱𝗲𝘅: • ⏲ 0:00 Functions of proteins • ⏲ 0:27 Amino acids • ⏲ 1:13 Relationship between proteins and DNA • ⏲ 1:33 Protein synthesis (Transcription) • ⏲ 2:32 Protein synthesis (Translation) • 📫𝐎𝐮𝐫 𝐅𝐁 𝐏𝐚𝐠𝐞: • / scienceworld-106933907791981 • 🎬𝐈𝐦𝐚𝐠𝐞𝐬, 𝐚𝐧𝐢𝐦𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐯𝐢𝐝𝐞𝐨𝐬 𝐜𝐫𝐞𝐝𝐢𝐭𝐬: • Animal Cell Model by TerryBP is licensed under the Creative Commons - Attribution license. • Source: https://www.thingiverse.com/thing:329... • Artist: https://www.thingiverse.com/terrybp/d... • 📚𝐃𝐚𝐯𝐢𝐝'𝐬 𝐁𝐨𝐨𝐤𝐬 • 📕 𝗪𝗲𝗶𝗿𝗱 𝗠𝗮𝘁𝗵𝘀: 𝗔𝘁 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗘𝗱𝗴𝗲 𝗼𝗳 𝗜𝗻𝗳𝗶𝗻𝗶𝘁𝘆 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗕𝗲𝘆𝗼𝗻𝗱 • (https://www.amazon.com/Weird-Maths-Ag...) • 📙 𝗪𝗲𝗶𝗿𝗱𝗲𝗿 𝗠𝗮𝘁𝗵𝘀: 𝗔𝘁 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗘𝗱𝗴𝗲 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗣𝗼𝘀𝘀𝗶𝗯𝗹𝗲 • (https://www.amazon.com/Weirder-Maths-...) • 📗 𝗪𝗲𝗶𝗿𝗱𝗲𝘀𝘁 𝗠𝗮𝘁𝗵𝘀: 𝗔𝘁 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗙𝗿𝗼𝗻𝘁𝗶𝗲𝗿𝘀 𝗼𝗳 𝗥𝗲𝗮𝘀𝗼𝗻 • (https://www.amazon.com/Weirdest-Maths...) • ** The kindle versions are available • *** For more details : http://weirdmaths.com/ • 📄𝗧𝗿𝗮𝗻𝘀𝗰𝗿𝗶𝗽𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻: • Proteins are essential molecules in the body. They facilitate biochemical reactions, help remove foreign substances and fight infections, coordinate bodily functions, transport molecules around the body, provide structure and support for cells, carry out muscle contraction, and provide energy if needed. • Proteins are made from amino acids. Although there are hundreds of different amino acids in nature, the proteins in our bodies are made from just 20 of them. With the different ordering of these 20 amino acids, all the proteins in living cells are formed. If you think that sounds like a very small number to make the many kinds of proteins in the body, 160,000 different proteins can be formed from various combinations of any 4 of the 20 different amino acids. In fact, the proteins in our bodies may contain anywhere from 50 to 2,000 amino acid molecules from the basic stock of 20. • What’s the relationship between proteins and DNA? DNA is effectively the blueprint for making proteins. Proteins are formed according to the genetic code within DNA. Let’s now look at how a protein is synthesized. • The enzyme RNA polymerase binds to the DNA and starts to temporarily unzip it. Then free bases begin to attach to the DNA strand. It’s not a haphazard process because the DNA bases adenine and thymine can attach only to each other, and likewise guanine and cytosine can attach only to each other. At the end of the process, pre-messenger RNA (or pre-mRNA) is formed. It’s called “pre” because there are some base series known as introns that aren’t used in protein synthesis. These bases are removed before the mature mRNA is formed. • Mature mRNA moves out of the nucleus into the cytoplasm and the translation phase begins. In the cytoplasm, a cell organelle called a ribosome binds to the mature mRNA. The mRNA nucleotide sequence is read in triplets called codons. The ribosome binds to the mature mRNA at the start codon. Then transfer RNA (tRNA) starts to attach to mRNA triplets from an anticodon. Again the connection of codons and anticodons isn’t random because adenine–thymine and guanine–cytosine bases can attach only to each other. Transfer RNA molecules carry amino acids to the ribosome. When a tRNA molecule binds to mRNA, it releases its amino acid. • After the first connection, the next codon is bound by a tRNA molecule with a complementary anticodon and delivers the correct amino acid to the ribosome. The ribosome uses enzymes to bind the amino acids together. After 2 connections the ribosome releases the first tRNA molecule and moves on to the third codon since only two tRNA molecules can be brought together by a single ribosome at any one time. The process continues until the ribosome encounters a stop codon. • Once the synthesis is complete, the amino acid chain that’s formed is called a polypeptide. Finally, this is folded in a very specific way to make a protein. • #protein #synthesis #dna
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