HYDRONEPHROSIS Pathophysiology Causes signs and symptoms background diagnosis and treatment

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HELLO welcome to NextMeds! • Hydronephrosis is characterized by the swelling or enlargement of the kidneys due to the buildup of urine. This typically occurs when urine cannot properly drain from the kidney to the bladder, accumulating urine within the kidney's collecting system. This condition can affect one or both kidneys and can vary in severity. • Pathophysiology: • The pathophysiology of hydronephrosis involves obstruction or blockage of the urinary tract, which prevents urine from flowing freely. This obstruction can occur at any point along the urinary tract, including the renal pelvis, ureter, bladder, or urethra. When urine flow is obstructed, pressure builds up within the kidney, causing dilation of the renal pelvis and calyces, ultimately leading to hydronephrosis. • Causes: • Kidney stones: Stones in the kidney or ureter can obstruct urine flow. • Ureteral strictures: Narrowing of the ureter due to scarring or inflammation. • Congenital abnormalities: Birth defects such as ureteropelvic junction obstruction or vesicoureteral reflux. • Tumors: Tumors in the urinary tract can block urine flow. • Pregnancy: An enlarging uterus can compress the ureters. • Enlarged prostate: In males, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) can obstruct urine flow. • Neurogenic bladder: Nerve damage affecting bladder function. • Urinary tract infections (UTIs): Inflammation or infection can lead to swelling and obstruction. • Signs and Symptoms: • Flank pain: Dull ache in the back or side. • Abdominal pain: Discomfort or pain in the abdomen. • Changes in urination: Increased frequency, urgency, or difficulty urinating. • Blood in urine (hematuria): Urine may appear pink or red. • Nausea and vomiting: Due to pressure on the kidneys. • Fever: If associated with infection. • Diagnosis: • Medical history and physical examination: Inquiring about symptoms and conducting a physical exam. • Imaging tests: Ultrasound, CT scan, or MRI can visualize the kidneys and identify any obstructions or abnormalities. • Urinalysis: Checking for blood, infection, or other abnormalities in the urine. • Urodynamic studies: Assessing bladder and urethral function. • Treatment: • Treatment for hydronephrosis depends on the underlying cause and severity of the condition. Options may include: • Pain management: Over-the-counter or prescription pain medications. • Antibiotics: If an infection is present. • Ureteral stent: Placing a small tube in the ureter to facilitate urine flow. • Surgery: To remove obstructions or correct anatomical abnormalities. • Lithotripsy: Breaking up kidney stones using shock waves. • Monitoring: Regular follow-up to monitor kidney function and address any recurrent issues. • Early diagnosis and treatment of hydronephrosis are crucial to prevent complications such as kidney damage or renal failure. Prompt intervention can often alleviate symptoms and preserve kidney function. • Thank You! • SUBSCRIBE NextMeds FOR MORE VIDEOS! • #HydronephrosisAwareness • #KidneyHealth • #Urology • #RenalHealth • #UrinaryTractHealth • #Nephrology • #UrologicalConditions • #MedicalEducation • #HealthcareAwareness • #TreatmentOptions • #KidneyDisease • #UrinaryHealth • #HealthAwareness • #WellnessWednesday • #HealthyLiving

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