Evolution

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http://youtube.com/watch?v=_KrSEVgqmdw

Do you struggle to read and understand Phylogenetic trees? You are not alone! This video will break down how to read a phylogenetic tree, the differences between tips branches and nodes, what are phylogenies, how to find the most recent common ancestor, how to find all the descendants from an ancestor, sister groups, monophyletic, polyphyletic, and para phyletic groups, why birds are considered reptiles, what are clades, and some common mistakes when interpretation phylogenetic trees. • 00:00 - Introduction • 01:00 - What are phylogenies? • 03:38 - Most Recent Common Ancestors • 07:01 - Finding Descendants from a Node • 08:03 - What are Sister Groups • 10:08 - Monophyletic, Paraphyletic, and Polyphyletic groupings • 10:38 - Monophyletic Groups Explained • 11:40 - Paraphyletic Groups Explained • 13:28 - Polyphyletic Groups Explained • 14:26 - Example: Are Birds Reptiles? • 15:00 - What are Clades? • 16:40 - Okay but why are birds reptiles? • 19:17 - Common Mistake: Phylogenies can rotate • 26:11 - Common Mistake: Organisms at the end are not more advanced • 30:55 - Exercise 1: Mono-, Para- ,and Polyphyletic Groups • 34:20 - Exercise 2: Understanding Rotations on Phylogenies • 39:27 - Exercise 3: Number of Tips, Nodes, and Branches • 42:53 - Exercise 4: Most Recent Common Ancestor • 45:22 - Exercise 5: How many monophyletic groups?

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