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Peroxynitrite A Reactive and Toxic Molecule in Oxidative Stress and Disease GlpBio
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Peroxynitrite is a highly reactive and toxic molecule that is formed in the body by the reaction between nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide (O2-) radicals. It is considered a potent oxidant and a source of oxidative stress. • Nitric oxide is a signaling molecule produced by various cells in the body, including immune cells, endothelial cells, and neurons. Superoxide is a byproduct of normal cellular metabolism and is also produced by immune cells during inflammation and oxidative stress. • When nitric oxide and superoxide combine, they rapidly react to form peroxynitrite. This reaction occurs in various biological systems, including blood vessels, tissues, and cells. Peroxynitrite can cause damage to DNA, proteins, lipids, and other cellular components through a process called nitrosative stress. • Peroxynitrite can induce oxidative damage by several mechanisms. It can directly oxidize and modify biomolecules, leading to dysfunction and impairment of their normal functions. It can also react with other molecules, such as carbon dioxide, to form reactive nitrogen species, which can further contribute to cellular damage. • The excessive production of peroxynitrite has been implicated in various pathological conditions, including inflammation, neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. It is involved in the damage of tissues and cells, contributing to the progression of these diseases. • The detection and measurement of peroxynitrite in biological systems can be challenging due to its high reactivity and short half-life. Researchers use various techniques, such as indirect detection methods or the use of specific probes, to assess peroxynitrite levels and its effects in experimental models or clinical settings. • Overall, peroxynitrite is a molecule of interest in biomedical research due to its involvement in oxidative and nitrosative stress and its potential role in various diseases. Understanding its formation, actions, and regulation may provide insights into developing therapeutic strategies to mitigate its harmful effects. • For details please check: • https://www.glpbio.com/peroxynitrite....
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