Responsible Conduct in Research How research misconduct harms scientific progress and public trust

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Responsible Conduct in Research reviews the definition, policies, and penalties of Federal research misconduct associated with fabrication, falsification, or plagiarism during the planning, completion, and reporting of scientific research. The 1998 Lancet paper that reported a link between the MMR vaccine and a severe form of regressive behavior. This paper served as the focal point of concerns between MMR vaccination and autism. Subsequent investigations of the paper, results, and researchers raised a number of concerns that resulted in the paper being “fully retracted” from the scientific record and sanctions for some of the researchers. The overview of the concepts builds to discussion questions of: • Does a financial interest in the outcome of a study result in a potential bias or potential conflict of interest? • Does a strong concern about the safety of the triple MMR vaccine represent a hypothesis or a pre-existing bias? • Could lead author Wakefield be considered a “whistle-blower” for raising concerns about the safety of the MMR vaccine? • How do we ensure that retracted “inaccurate” science does not continue to mislead? • • For additional information: https://ori.hhs.gov/federal-research-... • For additional information: Wakefield AJ, Murch SH, Anthony A, Linnell J, Casson DM, Malik M, Berelowitz M, Dhillon AP, Thomson MA, Harvey P, Valentine A, Davies SE, Walker-Smith JA. Ileal-lymphoid-nodular hyperplasia, non-specific colitis, and pervasive developmental disorder in children. Lancet. 1998 Feb 28;351(9103):637-41. Retraction in: Lancet. 2010 Feb 6;375(9713):445. Erratum in: Lancet. 2004 Mar 6;363(9411):750. • For additional information: Retraction--Ileal-lymphoid-nodular hyperplasia, non-specific colitis, and pervasive developmental disorder in children. Lancet. 2010 Feb 6;375(9713):445. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60175-4. • For additional information: Taylor LE, Swerdfeger AL, Eslick GD. (2014) Vaccines are not associated with autism: an evidence-based meta-analysis of case-control and cohort studies. Vaccine. 17;32(29):3623-9. • For additional information: DeStefano, F., Shimabukuro, T. T. (2019). The MMR Vaccine and Autism. Annual review of virology, 6(1), 585–600.

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