Neuroanatomy The Brainstem

>> YOUR LINK HERE: ___ http://youtube.com/watch?v=dEgaaJWRf7g

Ultra High Definition video 4K • For more information : http://neuromatiq.net • For the specific article about the brainstem : http://neuromatiq.net/en/chapters/2-a... • The brainstem is the brain anatomical structure that links different parts of the central nervous system: the forebrain, the cerebellum and the spinal cord. • The brainstem plays a vital role in the many essential functions that its nuclei regulate, such as breathing and heart rate and even Consciousness. • It is also a passageway to sensory and motor pathways, and a pain control center. • The brainstem represents the emergence area of most cranial nerves. • We distinguish three parts of the brainstem the midbrain, the pons and the medulla. • The midbrain or mesencephalon is the area of the brainstem that is directly connected to the forebrain through the cerebral peduncles, • behind these two peduncles, we find the tegmentum with a hole in back side : the cerebral aqueduct. Also known as the aqueduct of Sylvius, it connects the 3rd to the 4th ventricle. • on the back of The midbrain is the tectum, with four colliculi (Also named corpora quadrigemina ), where lie the reflex centers involving hearing and vision. • The Pons AKA the pons Varolii is the middle part of the brainstem. • It plays an important role in motor functions with its relay position between the forebrain and the cerebellum, • it also contributes to autonomous functions and facial sensitivity (it containes the core and the emergence of the trigeminal nerve). • The Pons is connected to the cerebellum by the middle cerebellar peduncle. • It delimits the front face of the 4th ventricle. • The medulla oblongata is the portion of the brainstem between the pons and the spinal cord. • The medulla contains the olivary and a pair of pyramids that contain the corticospinal fibers of the pyramidal tract. • The medulla contains vital autonomic control centers for functions such as breathing, heart rate and Many reflex functions (vomiting, coughing, sneezing, and swallowing). • It ends at the bottom by the pyramidal decussation: a crossing region of the corticospinal fibers.

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