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ICAR NET Agriculture Microbiology Syllabus 2023icarnetPreparationStrategyASRB NETARSSTO
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AGRICULTURAL MICROBIOLOGY Syllabus. • Unit 1: History of Microbial World • History, development and scope of microbiology, evolution of microbial life. Theory of spontaneous generiation. Prokaryotes, archaebacteria and eukaryotes. Techniques used in identification and classification of bacteria. Important groups of prokaryotes – photosynthetic bacteria, blue green algae, chemoautotrophic bacteria, spore forming bacteria, mycoplasma, viruses, bacteriophages and actinomycetes. Heterotrophic bacteria nitrobacteria, nitrogen-fixing bacteria and cyanabacteria, lactic acid bacteria, halophiles, thermophiles acidophiles and methanogens. Structure and classification of viruses, growth of viruses, lytic and lysogenic cycles, plant viruses, viroids. • Unit 2: Microbial Ecology and Physiology Principles of microbial ecology, Microbiology of ecosystems - soil, rhizosphere, phyllosphere, water - fresh and marine, and air. Microbial interactions - symbiosis, synergism, commenalism, parasitism,amensalism, antagonism and predation, • adoption of micro-organisms to various ecosystems. Microbial growth curve. • Mathematical expression of growth -continuous and batch cultures. Diauxic and synchronous growth. Microbial nutrition. Bacterial metabolism - aerobic and anaerobic respiration, electron transport chain, microbial photosynthesis, oxidative • and substrate level photo-phosphorylation. Biosynthesis of cell wall, protein breakdown by microbes. • Unit 3: Soil Microbiology • Soil microorganisms: major groups, decomposition of organic matter, soil health. Root exudates and rhizosphere effects. Manipulation of rhizosphere microflora in plant productivity. Microbial biomass. Nitrogen cycle: ammonification, nitrification and • denitrification. Biological nitrogen fixation–symbiotic and asymbiotic. Biochemistry and genetics of nitrogen fixation. Microbial transformations of phosphorus, sulphur and minor nutrients. Role of bio-fertilizers in agriculture and forestry.Bioremediation • of problem soils, plant growth promoting rhizobacteria and their mode of action. Formation and composition of soil organic matter: fulvic acid and humic acid. • Unit 4: Environmental Microbiology and Basic Microbiological Techniques • Isolation and preservation of different types of microorganisms. Methods of • sterilization and disinfection. Microscopy: Optical, phase contrast, fluorescent, dark field and electron. Microbial assay of vitamins, enzymes and antibiotics, Pollution of • soil, water and air, Role of microorganisms in pollution, sources of pollution and their impact on environment, microbiology of sewage and industrial effluents and their safe • disposal, management of solid and liquid organic wastes, composting, biogas, water purification, sewage treatment, water-borne diseases and effluent management. • Unit 5: Microbial Biotechnology • Industrial production of metabolites - organic acids, alcohols, antibiotics. Fermentor designs and types. Control of fermentation process - batch, feed batch and continuous. Downstream processing in fermentation industry. Production of single cell proteins and probiotics, hormones, biofertilizers, biopesticides. Phyto- remediation. Microbiology of raw and processed foods. Fermented food – vinegar, wine saucrkraut, pickles, cheese, yogurt. Food preservation,contamination and spoilage, food-borne illness and intoxication. Food as substrate for micro-organism, microfloraof meat, fish, egg, fruits, vegetables, juices, flour, canned foods; bio- degrading • microbes, single cell protein for use as food and feed, bioactive food / probiotics. • #agriculturemicrobiologylecture • #agriculturemicrobiology • #icar • #icarnet • #asrb • #icar_asrb_net_form_2022 • #icar_net_form_2022 • #microbiology • #microorganisms • #microbes • #icar_net_agriculturemicrobiology_syllabus
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