La Salamandre Tachetée Salamandra salamandra

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The Fire Salamander (Salamandra salamandra) is a species of urodele belonging to the family Salamandridae. • https://www.myrmecofourmis.fr/La-sala... • The distinctive features of the Fire Salamander lie in its yellow to orange and black coloration. With a length of up to 20 cm, these salamanders have smooth and shiny skin with an oily appearance. They are relatively sluggish and move slowly, making them vulnerable to predators when exposed. Nevertheless, they have the ability to regenerate lost or injured parts of their bodies and defend themselves by secreting a neurotoxin called samandarin. • In Central Europe, adult salamanders can reach a maximum size of 23 to 30 cm, with a body mass of about 40 g. Size can vary depending on various factors, including prey availability and the reproductive period in females. Adult females, often carrying developing larvae in their abdomen in spring, can reach a weight of over 50 g. • Naturally nocturnal, the Fire Salamander has large black eyes adapted for night and twilight vision. Its black skin, interrupted by a yellow (occasionally orange) pattern of dots and/or lines, exhibits variability allowing individual identification. This variability can sometimes make it difficult to distinguish between the most common subspecies (terrestris and salamandra), especially in regions where their ranges overlap. • The subspecies S. s. terrestris, most widespread in France and the Benelux, is characterized by large yellow spots more or less organized into two parallel bands, generally discontinuous, on the head and back. In comparison, the subspecies S. s. salamandra has smaller and disorganized spots on the back, not aligned in parallel bands. • The coloration of the Fire Salamander serves as a warning to predators, indicating its toxicity. Its skin emits cutaneous secretions, including toxic alkaloids such as samandarin. These substances primarily serve to inhibit the growth of bacteria and fungi on the skin's surface. While simple contact with the salamander is generally not dangerous for humans, uninformed or inexperienced predators may experience harmful effects ranging from muscular disorders to death. • Fire salamanders undergo successive molts, especially during their growth. During the molting process, the secretion of cutaneous toxins is reduced, prompting them to perform this procedure in concealed locations. • Fire Salamanders are capable of emitting sounds, described as light grunts or chirps. However, these sound emissions do not constitute true auditory communication, as these amphibians lack a middle ear and tympanum. • They are more active during the breeding season, which occurs in spring and early summer. During this period, males may cover long distances in search of females. • Local populations may be threatened by habitat destruction, water pollution, and other environmental pressures. The conservation of these amphibians requires careful management of wetlands and associated habitats.

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