Radio Frequency Integrated Circuits RFICs Lecture 1 An Introduction

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11:05 Transceiver architecture, • 22:03 Various Modules of this course - (i) LNAs (ii) Mixers (iii) Power Amplifiers (iv) Oscillators and (v) Frequency Synthesizers; • 41:00 Why 50 ohm standard in RF and Microwave. • Lecture Notes: https://drive.google.com/drive/folder... • References for this course: • 1. RF Microelectronics by Behzad Razavi • 2. The Design of CMOS Radio Frequency Integrated Circuits by Thomas H Lee • 3. RF Power amplifier for wireless communications by Steve Cripps • Lecture No. Topics • • Module1: Introduction (3 classes) • • 1 Introduction: Role of RFIC in wireless communication, various modules of this course • 2 1. Decibel unit; meanings of units like dBm, dBu, dBmV, dBuA; Relation between dBm and dBuV for 50 ohm load, relation between I/O of an amplifier in dB unit; 2. Why all the impedances involved in RF are equal • 3 Effects of nonlinearity: 1 tone i/p case - (i) Harmonic distortion, (ii) 1 dB Gain compression point; 2 tone i/p case - Intermodulation and IIP3 point • • Module2: Noise (3 classes) • • 4 Introduction to Electrical Noises, Thermal noise of a resistor and MOS and their models; Flicker noise of a resistor; Noise Factor of an Amplifier • 5 Noise factor of a cascade of two amplifiers; Noise Temperature • 6 Noise factor of a network with correlated input referred sources and real impedances • • Module3: Low Noise Amplifiers (9 classes) • • 7 LNA characteristic parameters, Various Models of an NMOS including Noise Model (for thermal noise only), Why RFC is used for RF amplifiers • 8 Threshold frequency of an NMOS; Noise factor of a Common Source NMOS amplifier; Resistive Termination LNA: Zin and Noise factor without Cgs using Norton Model • 9 Resistive Feedback LNA: Zin and Noise factor F without Cgs, Example 5.7 • 10 Common Gate LNA: Zin and Noise factor F with the loss of the bias inductor, Feedback variation of the CG LNA • 11 Inductively degenerated LNA: Zin, F • 12 Inductively degenerated cascode LNA: Zin and F esp. the noise contribution of the CG stage of the cascode • 13 Noise cancellation LNA (Derivation using the Thevenin model) • 14 Inductively Degenerated Differential LNA, Resistively Terminated Differential LNA • 15 Nonlinearity Analysis of LNAs • Module4: Mixers (6 classes) • • 16 Introduction: Role of mixer in Tx and Rx; Classification based on o/p amplitude; Maths of mixer; Characteristic parameters of Mixer; Classification based on balanced/unbalanced ports; Mixer using a nonlinear device or using a switch, • 17 Switch-based mixer; Linearity of a mixer w.r.t the RF port and w.r.t LO port; Unbalanced Passive CMOS Mixer: voltage gain and RF-IF, LO-RF, LO-IF leakages • 18 Single Balanced Passive CMOS Mixer: voltage gain and RF-IF, LO-RF, LO-IF leakages, • 19 Single balanced active CMOS Mixers: voltage gain; Double Balanced Active CMOS Mixer: Voltage conversion gain; • 20 CMOS Gilbert Multiplier with linearization circuit • 21 Single and Double Balanced Diode Ring Passive Mixers: Conversion Gain and RF-IF, LO-RF, LO-IF feedthroughs; Noise factor of a Mixer for DSB and SSB Signals • Module5: RF Power Amplifier (11 classes) • 22 Introduction to RF Power Amplifiers - their roles, characteristic parameters (esp. Efficiency), Amplifier Quad and RF PA Classifications • 23 Maximum efficiency of Class A; Role of RFC • 24 Maximum efficiency of Class B Power Amplifier, Waveforms in absence of LC network • 25 Maximum efficiency of Class C • 26 Voltage Switched Class D Power Amplifier • 27 Class F3 (third harmonic peaking) Power Amplifier • 28 Ideal Class F Power Amplifier using quaterwave length line • 29 Doherty Amplifier - Introduction, Class B efficiency as function of drive level, • 30 Doherty Amplifier - Keeping the main PA voltage constant, and efficiency expression • 31 Class E Power Amplifier - Switch voltage • 32 Class E Power Amplifier - Efficiency and Output power capability • Module6: Oscillator (6 classes) • 33 Introduction to RF Oscillator, Difference/Similarity between oscillator and amplifier, Two models of an oscillator - 1) Feedback model, 2) Negative resistance model • 34 Colpitts Oscillator analysis using Feedback Model (Common source configuration), Its generalization leading to Hartley Oscillator, CG and CD Colpitts β and Α definitions • 35 Negative resistance analysis of Colpitts with lossy inductor; Modification of the result to Clapp oscillator • 36 Cross-coupled Oscillator using two tuned oscillators • 37 Quadrature Oscillator analysis using feedback (-ve R) model • Module7: Frequency Synthesizer (4 classes) • 38 Introduction to Frequency Synth and PLL, Relation between phase and frequency • 39 Frequency Locked Loop vs PLL, How a PLL achieves freq equality, Phase of a rectangular wave in terms of circular motion. XOR Gate phase detector • 40 Digital phase detectors - (NOR) SR Latch and Phase-Frequency Detector • 41 Phase Noise; Jitter; Noise shaping by an Oscillator

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