85 Ascomycota General characters of ascomycota Fsc Biology class 11

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#Ascomycota • #Ascomycetes • Ascomycota, also called sac fungi, a phylum of fungi (kingdom Fungi) characterized by a saclike structure, the ascus, which contains four to eight ascospores in the sexual stage. • The sac fungi are separated into subgroups based on whether asci arise singly or are borne in one of several types of fruiting structures, or ascocarps, and on the method of discharge of the ascospores. Many ascomycetes are plant pathogens, some are animal pathogens, a few are edible mushrooms, and many live on dead organic matter (as saprobes). • The largest and most commonly known ascomycetes include the morel (see cup fungus) and the truffle. Other ascomycetes include important plant pathogens, such as those that cause powdery mildew of grape (Uncinula necator), Dutch elm disease (Ophiostoma ulmi), chestnut blight (Cryphonectria parasitica), and apple scab (Venturia inequalis). Perhaps the most indispensable fungus of all is an ascomycete, the common yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) whose varieties leaven the dough in bread making and ferment grain to produce beer or mash for distillation of alcoholic liquors; the strains of S. cerevisiae var. ellipsoideus ferment grape juice to wine.

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