Agnosia Symptoms and Causes Diagnosis Treatment Prevention

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#disease #healthy #healthcare • --- • https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health... • What is agnosia? • Agnosias are a group of conditions where your brain can’t recognize something, even though your senses can detect it. The conditions can affect your senses, including vision, hearing, smell, taste and touch. • They can also affect your brain’s ability to assemble and make sense of information. An example of this is being unable to recognize that an object is moving, even though you can identify the object when it’s standing still. • Who does it affect? • Agnosias can happen to anyone at any age but tend to happen because of certain brain conditions. Some, but not all, of these conditions have a connection to your age or other age-related diseases. • How common is this condition? • Agnosias are very rare overall. Less than 1% of people receiving care for a neurological (brain) condition have any type of agnosia. • How does this condition affect my body? • Agnosias are conditions that you can’t explain away as a problem with a person’s senses or memory. An example of this is a person who knows what a cat is and can see that there’s a cat in the room with them, but can’t tell you that it’s a cat by looking at it (visual agnosia), or they can’t identify that it’s a cat from its meow (auditory agnosia). • What’s the difference between agnosia and aphasia? • Agnosia and aphasia have some similarities but are still very different conditions. Both involve damage to part of your brain, but that damage affects your brain differently. The differences are as follows: • An agnosia is a condition where damage to your brain keeps it from recognizing input from one of your senses, such as your vision, hearing, etc. Your sense works fine, but the part of your brain that processes the sensory information isn’t working. • Aphasia is a condition where damage to areas of your brain disrupts your language abilities. Different types of aphasias can slow down your speaking, make it harder for you to use or pronounce the right word, or keep you from speaking at all. • Symptoms and Causes • What are the symptoms of agnosia? • The symptoms of an agnosia disorder depend on the form, type and sense involved. Agnosia comes in two main forms: • Apperceptive: This form involves a problem of perception. The person’s senses work, but their brain can’t process the information. • Associative: This type is a problem of recognition. The senses can pick up information and the brain can process it, but it can’t recognize or make sense of the information coming in. • The difference between these forms is slight but important. An example of this is to take multiple copies of the same picture of a cat and show it to people with the forms of agnosia. The person knows what a cat is in either form, but their brain can’t recognize them by sight. • Apperceptive: If you show multiple copies of a picture of a cat to a person with apperceptive agnosia, they wouldn’t be able to tell that it’s a cat, and they can’t tell that it’s the same picture. • Associative: If you show the same pictures to someone with associative agnosia, they would recognize it’s the same picture but wouldn’t be able to tell that it’s a cat. • Specific types of agnosias • The following are specific types of agnosias: • Visual (sight) agnosias • Akinetopsia: This is when you can recognize objects but can’t recognize that they’re moving. • Alexia: People with this condition can’t read. They can still see the words and can write and speak without any problem. • Amusia: The visual effect of this issue causes you to lose the ability to read music (see the auditory effect below). • Autopagnosia: This means you have trouble recognizing body parts, either your own or on another person. You might also have trouble recognizing body parts from a drawing or picture. A sub-type of this is finger agnosia, which means you know what fingers are, but can’t recognize them when you see them. • Achromatopsia: Also known as color agnosia, this is where you can see colors and tell them apart, but can’t identify the color. • Cortical blindness: This happens when there’s damage to the parts of your brain that receive visual input. Your eyes work fine, but your brain can’t process the signals sent from your eyes. • Environmental agnosia: This type means you can’t recognize where you are, describe a familiar location or give directions to it. • Topographical agnosia is a type of environmental agnosia. Having this means you can remember the specifics of a building layout or its surroundings but can't recognize where you are in relation to the layout and find your way around. • Form agnosia: This is where you can see the parts of an object but can’t recognize the object itself. An example of this is identifying the wheels, seat and handlebars of a bicycle when you look at each part, but you can’t recognize them as part of the whole bicycle. • Simultagnosia: This is when you have trouble seeing more than one of an object. There are multiple t

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