How to assess pain

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On a scale of 1 to 10... , sounds familiar? Have you tried rating your own pain? Curious about how pain is assessed? This video is for you! • Haven't yet watched the video on what is pain? Check out this link: • What is pain? • • -- • Recap 📝 • 1. OLDCART can be used to assess pain systematically. • O - Onset, when did the pain first start? • L - Location, where does it hurt? • D - Duration, how often does the pain occur and how long does it last? • C - Characteristics, how does the pain feel like? • A - Aggravating factors, what makes the pain worse for the patient? • R - Relieving factors, what makes the pain better? • T - Treatment, what are the previous and current treatments, and were they effective? • Pain assessment scales (for communicative patients): • 1. Numerical rating scale is commonly used for oriented patients who can quantify pain from a scale of 0 to 10, where 0 is no pain, and 10 is the worst possible pain. • 2. Descriptive scale is used for patients who cannot quantify pain. Patients are asked to describe the pain on a scale of no pain, mild pain, moderate pain to worst possible pain. • Pain assessment scales (for patients who can't verbalise): • 1. Wong-Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale • Pain is represented using facial expressions, from a scale of 0, meaning no pain😀 to 10 meaning severe pain 😢. • 2. Pain Assessment in Advanced Dementia (PAINAD) • Conducted by a healthcare worker for patients who are unable to communicate in any meaningful way and are not oriented. • The assessment components are: 1) breathing, 2) presence of groaning, 3) facial expression- is there any facial grimace, 4) body language and 5) the need to be comforted. • Animation transcript: https://bit.ly/3pwNx8b • References • 1. Brant JM. The global experience of cancer pain. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2010;11 Suppl 1:7–12. • 2. Gordon DB. Acute pain assessment tools: let us move away beyond simple pain ratings. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol. 2015;28(5):565-569. • 3. Welchek CM, Mastrangelo L, Sinatra RS, Martinez R. Qualitative, and quantitative assessment of pain. In Sinatra RS, de Leon-Cassaola OA, editors. Acute pain management. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2009. p.147-171. • 4. Sheehy SB. Emergency nursing: principles and practice 3rd ed. St Louis: Mosby Year Book, 1992. Wong-Baker Faces Foundation. Wong-Baker faces pain rating scale, 2016. Available at: http://wongbakerfaces.org. • Content experts: Dr. Ho Peiyan and Henry Kong • Video producer: Perry Lee • Voiceover: Henry Kong • This video is done in collaboration with GERI Institute - https://www.geri.com.sg/ • All rights are reserved to GeriCare and there should not be any reproduction, publication, or adaptation of any part of the video content without prior approval from GeriCare. • #GCPowerFacts #GCTrainingHub • --- • GeriCare PowerFacts is a series of free bite-sized and engaging educational videos, covering topics across Geriatric Care and Palliative Care. • For more information, visit our website at https://www.gericarenorth.com/powerfacts

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